eBooks de Historia de la ciencia, página 14 de 61

Es gibt viele Grunde, warum Insekten aussterben. Der haufigste Grund ist wie immer die Zerstorung des Lebensraums (Habitat) und die Ausrottung der Pflanzen, von denen sich die Art ernahrt.Ob diese Zerstorung absichtlich oder unabsichtlich herbeigefuhrt wurde, spielt dabei keine Rolle. Als Beispiel fur eine unabsichtliche Lebensraum-Zerstorung ist das Einfuhren von fremden Arten, die die Vegetation vernichten und deswegen auch die darauf angewiesenen Insekten zum Aussterben bringen.

Students studying chemistry often struggle with the mole. Counting Moles provides an effective aid to learning by giving clear and confident presentation of the essentials of the mole concept needed by those starting chemistry courses. This user-friendly self-teach e-book is split into six chapters which sequentially introduce the mole calculating frame to help solve problems. Over 200 fully worked examples are given along with several hundred questions.The mole concept is applied to topics such as relative atomic mass and relative formula mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula. The book also covers concentration, its units, volumetric analysis and the relationship between volume, mass and moles of gases. Counting Moles culminates in you taking a Mole Driving Test. On passing this test, you are issued with a Counting Moles Driving License that will give you all the confidence required to correctly answer all mole calculations.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and other nerve disorders. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. Reviews presented in the series are mainly focused on clinical and therapeutic aspects of novel drugs intended for these targets. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of neurology. The fourth volume of this series features reviews that cover a variety of topics including:-Multiple sclerosis drug therapy-Treatment of diabetic neuropathy-Migraine treatments-Ischemic stroke treatments-Alzheimers disease biomarkers

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders is an e-Book series concerned with Alzheimers disease (AD) that causes dementia, or loss of brain function. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on (Alzheimer Disorders) drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for Alzheimers disease and related disorders. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders will be of particular interest to readers interested in drug therapy of this specific neurodegenerative condition and related brain disorders as the series provides relevant reviews written by experts in field of Alzheimers Disease research. The fifth volume of this series features chapters covering critical discussions on AD management and new therapies. The topics reviewed in this volume include:- Current concepts in management of AD- The amyloid cascade hypothesis and stem cell-based AD therapy - Phytochemicals targeting AD- Dementia screening in primary clinical care settings- Updates in dementia / AD clinical research and drug development

Age-related degeneration may be reduced or even eliminated, by positively challenging the human being, physically or cognitively, to up-regulate somatic repair functions. Exposure to meaningful information and a challenging environment act as hormetic stressors which, in the context of an increasingly technological setting, may invoke evolutionary mechanisms that lead to a persistent maintenance of homeostasis. Thus, there is a strong link between environmental factors and ongoing health, leading to an individuals ability to continually adapt to age related challenges.Challenging Ageing: The Anti-senescence Effects of Hormesis, Environmental Enrichment, and Information Exposure explains the role of hormesis in anti-aging processes followed by information on vitagenes, epigenetics, environmental enrichment and germlines. The monograph also brings newer concepts and theories to the fore, such as environmental enrichment and technoculture. Medical professionals and general readers, alike, will gain a a new perspective on the processes that counter aging processes in the human being.

Research into stem cells started in the 1960s with experiments on spleen cultures. Evans and Kaufman made a breakthrough in mouse embryo culturing and embryonic stem cell extraction in 1981, followed by the work of Thomson in 1998 on the technique for extracting human embryonic stem cells. Since then, stem cell research has rapidly expanded as a therapeutic avenue for different diseases in humans. This book explains the basic developmental biology of stem cells including the development of stem cells during the implantation stage in utero to the regulation of stem cell division. Medical applications of stem cells in the therapy of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and bone diseases are also explained in subsequent chapters. The book also explains the effect of parasitic cells on stem cell growth. Concepts in the book are explained in a simple clear manner, making this book an informative reference for non-experts, students and professionals in the field of biology and medicine.

Applications of NMR Spectroscopy is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in various fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, health and agriculture.The fourth volume of the series features several reviews focusing on NMR spectroscopic techniques in food sciences. Readers will find references on methods used to test food quality, food color analysis, the role of Tannins in wine taste as well as NMR studies on lipid oxidation and large protein complexes.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Hematology is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of hematological disorders. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of anemias, coagulopathies, vascular diseases and hematological malignancies. Reviews in this series also include research on specific antibody targets, therapeutic methods, genetic hemoglobinopathies and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Hematology is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of hematology, oncology and vascular pharmacology.The second volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover a variety of topics including: -Chronic myeloid leukemia-Bispecific and multivalent antibodies-Natural Killer cells therapy for bone marrow transplantation -Nanoparticles in health and disease -Monoclonal antibody therapy for lymphoma

The natural world can be viewed as a continuously changing complex system comprising variable units that do not conform to any stable plan. Within this framework, human evolution is not the story of the past that created Homo sapiens and then handed this account over to written history. It is the ongoing process that shapes us now and will shape us in the future, body and mind. We must understand it in order to survive and be able to direct it to our advantage. The Dynamic Human presents a general theory of how humans function as a multi-individual system embedded in the natural world. The authors employ a unified approach of systems theory to outline forces that direct ongoing human evolution and produce its outcomes in terms of the past, present and future. Readers will find a perspective on the human place in nature, through a brief account of the past human evolution over 10 million years ago, a discussion of the earliest appearance of humans some 2 million years ago, and a description of the mechanisms of the changes in the gene pool of humans from generation-to-generation. Understanding the forces involved in these mechanisms (physical and mental growth and development) may allow us to understand human evolution better. The Dynamic Human presents a simplified perspective on human evolution for all readers interested in a discourse on the origins, nature and future of human beings.

Experts in the field of cellular biology have shown that the reactivation of pluripotency inherent in all cells can allow us to reprogram cells into a specific cell line. This reprogramming paradigm is steadily enhancing our understanding of cell differentiation processes and cellular identity. Consequently, new prospects for cellular therapies of diseases and in vivo regeneration have risen. Stem Cells Between Regeneration and Tumorigenesis focuses on organ specific molecular pathways that trigger two opposite ways that a stem cell can grow (regeneration and neoplasia). Chapters provide a balanced set of information about tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis in several tissues and biological systems (the nervous, circulatory, oral, skin, digestive and endocrine systems). Additional reviews of the immunological role in regulating the two stem cell growth processes and the role of genomics and proteomics in understanding these processes round up the contents of this monograph. Readers of this book will gain the following key benefits: -an insight into the complexity and controversy surrounding the established dual stem cell behavior paradigm (regeneration versus tumorigenesis) -an understanding of the intricate cellular processes such as stem cells maintenance -background knowledge of optimizing tailored therapy in personalized and regenerative medicine Stem Cells Between Regeneration and Tumorigenesis is a useful resource for advanced graduates and researchers undertaking courses in molecular biology and personalized medicine, as well as interns involved in stem cell research programs.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents is an eBook series intended for pharmaceutical scientists, postgraduate students and researchers seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in anti-cancer research. Reviews in each volume are written by experts in medical oncology and clinical trials research and compile the latest information available on special topics of interest to oncology researchers.The third volume of the eBook series begins with a detailed review of the molecular biology of inhibitors that target EGF-family receptors. This review is divided into two parts that covers extracellular and intracellular molecules. Other reviews cover targeted therapies for cancers such as melanoma, follicular lymphoma and topics such as cancer immunotherapy, apoptosis targeting and the Warburg Effect.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Diabetes and Obesity is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of two metabolic diseases diabetes and obesity. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of natural and synthetic drugs affecting endocrine and metabolic processes linked with diabetes and obesity. Reviews in this series also include research on specific receptor targets and pre-clinical / clinical findings on novel pharmaceutical agents. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research Diabetes and Obesity is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in the field of diabetes and obesity research. The second volume of this series features 7 reviews presenting updates on hormones and several classes of drugs: Osteocalcin action in glucose metabolism Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors New drugs in clinical trial and commercial phases

Reisen von Europa nach Ostasien finden heute gewohnlich mit dem Flugzeug statt, und da gibt es nicht viel zu berichten. Dagegen war eine Reise mit dem Schiff im Jahre 1872 erlebnisreich, zumal der Reisende, der Arzt an der russischen Gesandtschaft in Peking, Emil Bretschneider (1833-1901), ein angesehener Sinologe und Botaniker, sich dafur drei Monate Zeit genommen hatte: Er wollte bei der Gelegenheit der Ruckkehr von seinem Urlaub Indien und Niederlandisch-Indien (das heutige Indonesien) kennenlernen. Seine Schilderungen von Land und Leuten und insbesondere der Vegetation sind lebendig und zuverlassig und lesen sich heute, nach hundertfunfzig Jahren, wie eine echte Zeit-Reise in die Vergangenheit. In Singapore war er Gast des Herrn Whampoa und wohnte in seinem zauberhaften Garten, in Buitenzorg (Bogor, Java) Gast des Generalgouverneurs, studierte die Flora in diesem altesten und angesehensten botanischen Garten Asiens und besuchte einige der schwer zuganglichen Vulkane. Der Reisebericht erschien in Form von Briefen in der Rigaschen Zeitung und ist heute praktisch unbekannt. Mit Einleitung und Register.

Fur die berufsbegleitende Professionalisierung von Lehrkraeften werden Fortbildungen eine zentrale Bedeutung zugesprochen (u. a. Richter et al., 2020, S. 147). Wenngleich Lehrkraefte eine grundsaetzliche Pflicht zur Fortbildung haben, ist diese in zahlreichen Bundeslaendern nicht quantifiziert, sodass es im Ermessen der Lehrkraefte liegt, ob und in welchem Umfang sie der Fortbildungspflicht nachgehen (Pasternack et al., 2017, S. 240). Bisherige Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass in der Fortbildungspraxis eine unzureichende Passung zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage besteht (u. a. Cramer et al. 2019, S. 43). Um die Lehrkraefteperspektive staerker einzubeziehen, kann das Interesse als zentraler Beweggrund fur die Fortbildungsteilnahme (u. a. Cramer et al., 2019, S. 80) sowie Praedikator fuer nachhaltigen Lernerfolg entscheidend sein (Schiefele & Schaffner, 2015, S. 160). An dieser Stelle setzt die Studie mit dem Ziel an, mittels einer empirischen Untersuchung das Interesse von Geographielehrkraeften an Inhalten und Taetigkeiten im Kontext fachspezifischer Fortbildungen sowie potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf das Interesse zu ermitteln. Auf der Grundlage der Forschungsergebnisse werden Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich der Gestaltung zukuenftiger Fortbildungen im Fach Geographie abgeleitet. Die empirische Umsetzung erfolgt mithilfe einer qualitativen Vorstudie in Form von leitfadengestuetzten Interviews (N=8) und einer quantitativen Hauptstudie in Form einer Online-Befragung (N=172).

Substantivo feminino e Força espiritual que resulta da soma das energias mentais, físicas e emocionais proveniente de duas ou mais pessoas reunidas em grupo. Etimologia (origem da palavra egrégora). Do grego egregorein; velar, vigiar.

Qual o limite entre humano e máquina? Como o desenvolvimento tecnológico molda o futuro do trabalho? O que é "aprendizagem de máquina" e "ciência de dados" e que impacto elas têm sobre nossas vidas?

Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen als Lehrenden und Lernenden umfassendes Wissen fur jeden Rasentyp und fur eine in die Zukunft gerichtete Rasenbewirtschaftung. Behandelt werden sowohl naturnahe Landschaftsrasen als auch Gebrauchsrasen und Strapazierrasen. Die einzelnen Rasentypen werden klassifiziert und ihre Eigenschaften und Einsatzbereiche erlautert. Pflanzenernahrung und Pflanzenschutz spielen ebenso eine Rolle wie Informationen zu Grund-, Erhaltungs- und Regenerationspflege.

O livro NBR 10151 desvendada é uma obra essencial para profissionais e estudantes que desejam compreender e dominar a NBR 10151:2019, norma brasileira que estabelece critérios e procedimentos para a avaliaço de ruidos em ambientes urbanos. Com uma abordagem clara e detalhada, o autor explora cada aspecto da norma, desde seus fundamentos teoricos ate sua aplicaço pratica. Atraves de exemplos reais e ilustraçes elucidativas, o livro desvenda os requisitos e os impactos da NBR 10151 na avaliaço de ruidos, abordando temas como mediço de niveis sonoros, analise de dados, limites de ruido e criterios de aceitabilidade. Seja voce um profissional atuante na area de acustica ou um estudante em busca de conhecimento aprofundado, este livro e um guia indispensavel para dominar a NBR 10151 e garantir uma avaliaço precisa e eficiente dos ruidos em ambientes urbanos.

Le modalita di verifica delle conoscenze degli studenti, negli anni, si sono notevolmente evolute per adeguarsi a esigenze dovute a nuove organizzazioni didattiche. Cosi, in alternativa ai classici problemi e domande a risposta aperta si e diffuso lutilizzo di domande a risposta chiusa. Le prove a risposta chiusa (i test) sono un insieme di domande gia corredate da risposte tra cui scegliere quella corretta e sono utilizzati, sempre piu frequentemente, sia per valutare lidoneita alla frequenza di corsi universitari dei neo diplomati, sia per verificare le conoscenze acquisite nello studio di materie universitarie. Per fornire gli studenti un ausilio a questa metodologia desame nel 2003 ho preparato insieme al prof. Aldo Ricca il testo Chimica Guida a una valutazione critica Questo testo proponeva agli studenti per valutare la propria preparazione solo domande a risposta chiusa Ovviamente il rischio insito in questo tipo di valutazione e di disabituare, o non abituare, lo studente universitario a riflessioni speculative sulla materia e, pertanto, di non esaltare le capacita logiche che consentono collegamenti tra i diversi concetti acquisiti, che sono la base per una buona formazione professionale. Per minimizzare questo rischio le domande e le relative risposte erano state formulate in modo tale da costringere lo studente a utilizzare anche la logica e non soltanto le nozioni. Infatti, la maggior parte degli studenti tende, piu che a individuare la risposta corretta, a scartare le affermazioni errate. In questo modo se, anche nello scartare risposte errate, lo studente e costretto a utilizzare, oltre alle nozioni, anche concetti e capacita logiche, lo scopo di una corretta verifica e stato comunque raggiunto. In tutti i casi, lo studente medio si disabitua a organizzare le idee per dare risposte scritte che devono essere necessariamente puntuali e sintetiche e non acquisisce le capacita che gli permetteranno, un domani, di partecipare in modo corretto a discussioni di lavoro o di redigere una eventuale relazione scientificamente corretta e comprensibile. Per ovviare a quanto sopradetto, in questo nuovo testo, per ogni capitolo e stata aggiunta una parte con domande a risposta aperta, seguite da possibili risposte corrette. Sono stati aggiunti due capitoli trattando quindici argomenti della chimica di base dove ogni capitolo e diviso un quattro parti: nella prima sono formulate domande a risposta chiusa con annesse cinque affermazioni; nella seconda sono formulate domande a risposta aperta presenti nei temi desame dati nel corso degli anni nei corsi di Chimica del Politecnico di Milano nella terza parte tutte le affermazioni fatte nella prima parte (sia giuste, sia errate) sono discusse in modo critico mettendo in evidenza perche, se corrette, devono essere accettate o perche devono essere giudicate inaccettabili; nella quarta parte sono date le soluzioni o le risposte che uno studente avrebbe dovuto dare alle domande a risposta aperta. Tenendo presente che ad alcune domande e possibile rispondere in piu di un modo, le risposte date non sono le sole possibili. Ritengo che questo volume possa essere una guida utile sia per stimolare lapprendimento della Chimica sia per affinare le capacita critiche necessarie per un futuro e proficuo utilizzo delle conoscenze della materia. Ovviamente, lutilizzo di questa guida deve seguire lo studio di un testo di Chimica organi- camente svolto e organizzato. Infatti, per ogni capitolo e indicata una serie di conoscenze che si suppone siano gia state acquisite.

Kulturell greift die Neuzeit im Abendland nach Uberwindung christlicher Dogmen auf das Vorbild der Antike zuruck, beginnt wieder zu forschen. Materiell setzt die Spatzeit Mensch und Natur in groerem Mastab ein, ausbeutend und im Sinne zivilisatorischen Fortschritts und Wohlstands. Das technische Zeitalter der Romer wiederholen wir seit 250 Jahren im Abendland, geraten aber durch Wachstum an Grenzen, in einen nicht umkehrbaren Klimawandel. Verheerende Folgen durch Emission, Raubbau und invasive Arten sind imstande, eine Zivilisation abzulosen. Naturgewalten leiten eine neue Ara ein, schlimmstenfalls oder bestenfalls ohne uns. Antike war ein Vorbild, aber das Abendland ist zu sehr auf Nutzen bedacht.