eBooks de Historia de la ciencia, página 17 de 61

Kein Zweig der menschlichen Kenntnisse bietet anziehendere Ergebnisse dar und erlaubt wichtigere Anwendungen auf das thatige Leben, als die Astronomie; aber keine wir mussen es mit Beschamung gestehn wenigstens bei uns Deutschen, ist weniger verbreitet als sie. Es ist wahrhaft emporend, wenn man, trotz der groen Anzahl von Lehrbuchern, in jedem Jahre Manner, die sich zu den Gebildeten, ja Gelehrten, zahlen, auftreten sieht, um in Druckschriften die grobste Unwissenheit zur Schau zu legen. Fast scheint es, da die allgemein gefurchtete Mathematik auch die Astronomie in ihren Bann mit fortgerissen habe. Auch lat sich nicht leugnen, da es fur einen der mathematischen Sprache unkundigen Leser ein sehr unangenehmes Geschaft ist, die Schlusse muhsam aus den ihm unverstandlichen Beweisen herauszusuchen, und die Mathematik selbst verlangt in der That ein viel zu ernstes Studium, und erscheint dem Anfanger zu schwer und zu trocken, als da man sie in den schon so weiten Studienkreis der Gebildeten ziehen konnte, und die ersten Anfangsgrunde reichen zum Verstehn der Astronomie bei weitem nicht aus. Zwar kundigen sich mehrere astronomische Lehrbucher als popular an, allein wenn die Leser, durch den Titel getauscht, eine durchgangig verstandliche Darstellung der Astronomie erwarten, so finden sie entweder die Mathematik in andrer Gestalt, wie bei Schuberts popularer Astronomie und La Places Exposition du systeme du monde, oder einen solchen Mangel an Grundlichkeit und Vollstandigkeit, da sie ihren Zweck nicht erreichen.

Il Mare Adriatico e un mare situato nel centro-sud dellEuropa, delimitato dalla penisola italiana a ovest, dalla penisola balcanica a est e dalla Slovenia, Croazia, Bosnia ed Erzegovina, Montenegro e Albania a nord-est e sud-est. Il mare si estende su una superficie di circa 138.000 km, con una profondita massima di circa 1.300 metri e rappresenta una delle principali vie di navigazione per il trasporto di merci tra lEuropa centrale e i paesi del Mediterraneo orientale. Inoltre, le sue coste sono una popolare destinazione turistica, grazie alle numerose citta costiere e alle spiagge.I mini-ebook di Passerino Editore sono guide agili, essenziali e complete, per orientarsi nella storia del mondo.A cura di Antonio Ferraiuolo.

Many physicists have pointed out that the formulation of Quantum Mechanics is missing an important piece. Its theoretical incompleteness has been evoked, there has been talk of hidden variables, non-locality of the theory, provoking long debates which have left things at a standstill. There is even Einsteins famous phrase in which he says that "God does not play dice". A big mistake! If God did not play dice, as Darwin taught us, there would be neither evolution nor the immense variety of our world which would be limited to a single atom. Perhaps more simply the theory lacks an unprecedented operation of analysis and synthesis capable of providing the "missing part" or a new logical paradigm capable of making Quantum Mechanics understandable to human beings.The book starts from the basics with the analysis of the concept of Plancks constant h in terms of Minimum Action, i.e.: a flow of a quantum of energy in the unit of time. The next step is to formalize the motion as a phenomenon on the fabric of a space that is also quantized, recently back in fashion in Quantum Gravity.Attention! In this case a mysterious question arises: how can one conceive the movement of a particle between discrete areoles of space with solution of continuity? A promising idea may be that of resorting to the strange dual nature of wave-matter discovered by de Broglie by means of which the particle would not move but probably only its information is translated in wave form between spatial quanta. However, this idea requires a subquantum mechanism where the quantum vacuum becomes a key participatory element, or rather a fundamental intermediary already glimpsed in Alain Aspects experiments on entanglement. The development of a paradigm of the subquantum mechanism would show among other things that the main concepts of special and general relativity can be derived from Quantum Mechanics. This approach helps to clarify within an intelligible logical structure several obscure aspects of modern physics including Quantum Gravity itself and also the root cause for which space is curved by the presence of mass. In fact, according to advanced physics, space is anything but inconsistent, as supposed at the time by the Michelson-Morley test.Einsteins well-known reasoning -gedanken experiment- of the elevator represented an ingenious analogy on gravity capable of providing a final effect that can be calculated with extreme precision, alas overlooking the profound cause of the phenomenon. In fact, General Relativity does not predict that gravity implies invisible attractive forces between masses but only a deformable geometry that pilots the trajectories of the planets along the edge of a sort of funnel. Nevertheless, we have a problem namely that to bend a spatial fabric, by no means inconsistent, a force whose origin is obscure is needed. On this specific point no one has been able to provide an exhaustive logical framework. Instead, it seems that the existence of Matter in space requires quantized actions of energy without which the objects of the world would disappear instantaneously. Such an effect would delight the great physicist Ernst Mach who hypothesized mass as a condensation of accelerations that were exchanged between them in terms of gravitational attraction.(With a more philosophical approach see by the same author: "The hidden paradigm of Quantum Mechanics"- Streetlib).

Eccellenze, Signore, Signori,Leterno dibattito sullimportanza da attribuirsi agli studi scientifici in confronto agli studi classici ebbe un giorno a campioni, in Francia, attorno al 1840, un insigne astronomo e fisico, Francesco Arago, e lillustre autore delle Meditations poetiques, Alfonso Lamartine. Credeva Arago di aver inchiodato al muro lavversario, gridandogli: Non e colle vostre belle parole, che si fabbrica lo zucchero di barbabietola; ne con versi alessandrini che voi estrarrete la soda dal sal marino!. E soggiungeva: È la scienza che ha fatto cadere per sempre i pregiudizi!. Lamartine non negava che la scienza fosse utile; ma: Se il genere umano diceva fosse condannato a perdere interamente uno di questi due ordini di verita, o tutte le verita matematiche, o tutte le verita morali, esso non dovrebbe esitare a sacrificare le verita matematiche; perche, se si perdessero tutte le verita matematiche, lindustria, il mondo materiale, ne avrebbero indubbiamente un danno immenso; ma se luomo perdesse anche una sola delle verita morali acquisite cogli studi letterari, questo segnerebbe la morte sua e dellumanita intera. E concludeva inneggiando alle lingue che voi chiamate morte, e io chiamo immortali.Vedute matematiche su fenomeni e leggi naturali, Gino Fano.Gino Fano (Mantova, 5 gennaio 1871 Verona, 8 novembre 1952) e stato un matematico italiano.

Embark on a thought-provoking journey with "Dark Clouds in Germanys Climate Policy" by Diego Hidalgo-Oñate, as he bravely confronts the perplexing shadows lurking within Germanys climate policy. This essay boldly unveils the cognitive dissonance that clouds the nations noble environmental aspirations, particularly the rise in the use of hydrocarbons as a primary energy source, in direct contradiction to the principles of ecological economics.Hidalgo-Oñate, armed with meticulous research and a deep-rooted passion for sustainable progress, dissects the intricacies of Germanys climate policies. He sheds a glaring light on the paradoxes and inconsistencies that obstruct the nations path to a sustainable and ecologically balanced future. Through articulate arguments and a keen eye for detail, the author challenges conventional wisdom, urging for a reevaluation of current energy practices.As you delve into the pages of this enlightening essay, you will be captivated by the narratives call for reflection and action. Hidalgo-Oñate doesnt merely critique; he offers viable alternatives and a roadmap towards a greener and more sustainable Germany. The writing sparks conversations and encourages readers to reevaluate their perspectives on energy consumption, climate policies, and their individual roles in safeguarding our planet."Dark Clouds in Germanys Climate Policy" is more than a critique; its a call to arms, an awakening to the pressing need for a unified, conscientious approach to energy and environmental policies. This essay challenges us to rise above the shadows, to embrace sustainable alternatives, and to envision a world where policy and practice align seamlessly for the benefit of both humanity and the planet. Let this essay be your guiding light into a future free of dark clouds, as we navigate towards a greener, more sustainable tomorrow.

This edition includes the following editors introduction:The importance of Charles Forts "The Book of the Damned" as a precursor of pseudoscienceOriginally published in 1923, New Lands is the second nonfiction book of the American author Charles Fort.There are many books that tell of sightings of ghosts, aliens, and strange animals, but Charles Forts "New Lands" is perhaps the only book in which whole continents, geographies, and, indeed, planetary systems themselves are seen in the same uncertain twilight of perception. "New Lands" deals primarily with incredible astronomical anomalies.Fort expands in New Lands on his theory about the Super-Sargasso Sea a place where earthly things supposedly materialize in order to rain down on Earth as well as developing an idea that there are continents above the skies of Earth. As evidence, he cites a number of anomalous phenomena, including strange "mirages" of land masses, groups of people, and animals in the skies. He also continues his attacks on scientific dogma, citing a number of mysterious stars and planets that scientists failed to account for.

Tout le monde sait que la mer couvre à peu près les deux tiers de la surface de la terre. Voici le calcul exact donné par les savants. La surface de la terre est évaluée à 5 098 857 myriamètres carré

Savais-tu que le numérique contribue déjà à 4% des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre, soit plus que laviation ? Puis, as-tu déjà eu la sensation de sentir vibrer ton smartphone alors quen r

The discovery of new elementary gas in the atmosphere in 1894 aroused much interest, and public attention has again been directed to the air, which was, for many centuries, a fruitful field for speculation and conjecture. The account of this discovery, communicated to the Royal Society in January 1895, was, however, necessarily couched in scientific language; and many matters of interest to the chemist and physicist were written in an abbreviated style, in the knowledge that the passages describing them would be easily understood by the experts to whom the communication was primarily addressed. But persons without any special scientific training have frequently expressed to me the hope that an account of the discovery would be published, in which the conclusions drawn from the physical behaviour of argon should be accompanied by a full account of the reasoning on which they are based. An endeavour to fulfil this request is to be found in the following pages. And as the history of the discovery of the better known constituents of the atmosphere is of itself of great interest, and leads up to an acquaintance with the new stranger, who has so long been with us incognito, an effort has here been made to tell the tale of the air in popular language.

Whether it is true or not that not more than twelve persons in all the world are able to understand Einsteins Theory, it is nevertheless a fact that there is a constant demand for information about this much-debated topic of relativity. The books published on the subject are so technical that only a person trained in pure physics and higher mathematics is able to fully understand them. In order to make a popular explanation of this far-reaching theory available, the present book is published.Professor Lorentz is credited by Einstein with sharing the development of his theory. He is doubtless better able than any other manexcept the author himselfto explain this scientific discovery.

This book deals with the works of Graham Bell and other scientists on the phenomena of sound and its production.In bringing before you some discoveries made by Mr. Sumner Tainter and myself, which, having resulted in the construction of apparatus for the production and reproduction of sound by means of light, it is necessary to explain the state of knowledge which formed the starting-point of our experiments. I shall first describe the remarkable substance selenium, and the manipulations devised by various experimenters; but the final result of our researches has extended the class of substances sensitive to light-vibrations, until we can propound the fact of such sensitiveness being a general property of all matter.ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alexander Graham Bell (18471922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist, teacher of the deaf, and innovator who is best known for inventing the telephone.

The probability that the most accurate method of determining the solar parallax now available is that resting on the measurement of the velocity of light, has led to the acceptance of the following paper as one of the series having in view the increase of our knowledge of the celestial motions. The researches described in it, having been made at the United States Naval Academy, though at private expense, were reported to the Honorable Secretary of the Navy, and referred by him to this Office. At the suggestion of the writer, the paper was reconstructed with a fuller general discussion of the processes, and with the omission of some of the details of individual experiments.

It is not my intention in this paper to give a detailed account of the natural disintegration of the radio elements or of the methods employed to effect the artificial disintegration of certain light elements. I shall assume that you all have a general knowledge of the results of these investigations, but I shall confine myself to a consideration of the bearing of these results on our knowledge of the structure of the nuclei of atoms.(The Author - 1924)

OVNI / UFO & T. P. C. PERÍCIA E ANÁLISE Fotos de ovni/ufo e t.p.c. perícia e análise. São 90 páginas e 87 figuras, fotos reais de várias naves e outros modelos de transportes alienígenas. Nesta o

In this work, I have endeavoured to give a complete and connected account, from a physical standpoint, of the properties possessed by the naturally radio-active bodies. I have found the theory that the atoms of the radio-active bodies are undergoing spontaneous disintegration extremely serviceable, not only in correlating the known phenomena, but also in suggesting new lines of research.The present edition includes a large amount of new material relating to the nature and properties of the radiations and the emanations. In the limits of this book, it would have been found impossible, even had it been thought desirable, to include more than a brief sketch of the physiological effects of the rays.(E. RUTHERFORD - 1905)

Nordmann has presented Einsteins principle in words which lift the average reader over many of the difficulties he must encounter in trying to take it in.Remembering Goethes maxim that he who would accomplish anything must limit himself, he has not aimed at covering the full field to which Einsteins teaching is directed. But he succeeds in making many abstruse things intelligible to the layman.Einsteins theories have brought about a profound revolution in science. In their light the world seems simpler, more co-ordinated, more in unison.

Since the discovery of strongly radioactive substances, research on radioactivity has been greatly developed. I propose in this article to give an account of the actual state of our knowledge relative to this subject, laying particular stress on the most recent work.(Pierre Curie - 1904)

Come sarebbe un libro con una struttura fisica e concettuale che non potrebbe assumere? In cui i paragrafi, e forse anche le parole e le lettere, non fossero disposti con ordine ma distribuiti casualmente? Come sarebbe descritta la proposta dellabbandono di ogni teoria senza farne una teoria, una proposta o una descrizione? E come sarebbe farlo con una lingua che non puo essere altro che convenzionale e con parole che non hanno un significato se non quello arbitrariamente attribuito loro? Come sarebbe farlo lamentando la mancanza di esplicitazione del meccanismo che regola lassegnazione e luso dei nomi, sottolineando che la logica puo solo essere relativa e che vari tipi di falsita sono piu adatti di un solo tipo di verita per essere usati per interpretare cio che viene comunicato? Come potrebbero essere date risposte a queste domande se anche la conoscenza fosse messa in dubbio e il domandare stesso questionato? Apparizione del Dissolventismo

The Italian physicist Ettore Majorana mysteriously disappeared in 1938. Majorana was part of the famous Via Panisperna group directed by Enrico Fermi. In those years the model of heavy atom (that is, with many electrons) was proposed, and Fermi elaborated a model based on Statistical Quantum Mechanics known as the Thomas-Fermi model (as established in the same period by Llewellyn Thomas). This model was governed by a nonlinear second-order differential equation. Numerical integration was extremely complicated. Fermi and his group had been working on it for a week. Ettore Majorana only needed one nights work not only to integrate the equation, but to develop a sophisticated algorithm for the solution of an entire class of differential equations. In the ebook that we offer today we present our solution obtained with the aid of the Mathematica software.Subjects:Genesis of the Thomas - Fermi equationHistorical noteA particular integral of the Thomas-Fermi equationA boundary problemA boundary problemComplete solutionMarcello Colozzo, a graduate in Physics, has been involved in online teaching of Mathematics and Physics since 2008 through the Extra Byte website where "simulations" are performed in the Mathematica computing environment. In recent years he has published various articles on mathematical physics and collaborates with the Electronic Open Source magazine. An avid reader of cyberpunk fiction, he has attempted to transition into "cyber writer" status by publishing various anthologies of short stories.

Max Planck was unintentionally a revolutionary. In fact, in dealing with a thorny problem that afflicted physics at the end of the 19th century (the black body emission spectrum) he used a mathematical trick to ensure the convergence of what mathematicians call the "integral generalized". And not only that, his solution was in perfect agreement with the experimental data. "Unfortunately" (for Planck who adhered to the paradigm of classical physics), what he had used was much more than a simple artifice: Nature was revealing something very interesting to us.Ebook Topics:Experimental featuresStefan-Boltzmann law.Wiens law.Displacement lawTheoretical settingThe Rayleigh-Jeans radiation formulaMarcello Colozzo, a graduate in Physics, has been involved in online teaching of Mathematics and Physics since 2008 through the Extra Byte website where "simulations" are performed in the Mathematica computing environment. In recent years he has published various articles on mathematical physics and collaborates with the Electronic Open Source magazine. An avid reader of cyberpunk fiction, he has attempted to transition into "cyber writer" status by publishing various anthologies of short stories.