eBooks de Historia. Escuelas y métodos, página 3 de 8

The languages spoken by the pre-Columbian tribes of North America were many and diverse. Into the regions occupied by these tribes, travelers, traders, and missionaries have penetrated in advance of civilization, and civilization itself has marched across the continent at a rapid rate. Under these conditions the languages of the various tribes have received much study. Many extensive works have been published, embracing grammars and dictionaries; but a far greater number of minor vocabularies have been collected and very many have been published. In addition to these, the Bible, in whole or in part, and various religious books and school books, have been translated into Indian tongues to be used for purposes of instruction; and newspapers have been published in the Indian languages. Altogether the literature of these languages and that relating to them are of vast extent.

In "Indian Linguistic Families of America," John Wesley Powell presents a groundbreaking exploration of the diverse linguistic landscapes of Native American languages. This work, published in 1891, epitomizes Powells meticulous empirical approach, as he categorizes languages into families based on grammatical, phonetic, and lexical similarities. His study not only contributes to linguistic anthropology but also sets the foundation for future research in American linguistics, illustrating the complex relationship between language and culture within indigenous communities. Powells clarity of expression and systematic methodology reflect the intellectual rigor characteristic of the late 19th-century scientific discourse, making it a seminal text in both linguistic and ethnographic studies. John Wesley Powell was a prominent American geologist, explorer, and anthropologist whose adventurous spirit led him to explore the uncharted regions of the American West. His experiences during the Civil War and subsequent expeditions along the Colorado River forged a deep respect for the Native American tribes he encountered. This respect is evident in his comprehensive documentation and representation of their languages, reflecting Powells belief in the intrinsic value of all cultures and the importance of preserving their legacies. Readers interested in linguistics, anthropology, or American history will find "Indian Linguistic Families of America" to be an indispensable resource. Powells keen insights and thorough analysis invite us to appreciate the rich tapestry of indigenous languages, encouraging a deeper understanding of the cultural identities they represent. This work remains a vital scholarly contribution for those seeking to engage with the intricate dynamics of language and identity.

Todas as grandes línguas da atualidade, nas quais se registram, veiculam e preservam, dentre outros, os discursos da literatura, das ciências, do direito, da religião e das comunicações de massa, ini

This is a scholarly book looking in detail at the origin of the Gypsy language in England. Borrow talks at length about the meaning of the word Romance and its origin. Much of the book is dedicated to a vocabulary list which gives the gypsy equivalent of an English phrase.

In "Indian Linguistic Families of America," John Wesley Powell embarks on a pioneering scholarly examination of Native American languages, meticulously classifying and analyzing their diverse linguistic families. Written in 1891, the book employs a blend of empirical investigation and theoretical linguistics, exemplifying the literary style of early anthropological studies. Powells work is notable for its comprehensive documentation and systematic approach, setting a foundation for subsequent research in indigenous languages. His exploration not only concentrates on the structural properties of these languages but also integrates cultural and historical contexts, illuminating the intricate relationship between language and identity among Native American populations. John Wesley Powell, an eminent American explorer, geologist, and ethnographer, carried profound interests in the natural sciences and native cultures, which profoundly influenced his writing. His experiences during the 1869 expedition down the Colorado River equipped him with a firsthand understanding of the cultural richness of Native American tribes. His commitment to preserving indigenous narratives and languages shines through in this text, rooted in his belief in the importance of documenting the diverse voices and histories of AmericaAos first inhabitants. "Indian Linguistic Families of America" is an essential read for linguists, anthropologists, and historians alike. Powells authoritative insights not only enrich our understanding of indigenous languages but also promote an appreciation for the cultural heritage of Native Americans. This work serves as a vital resource for anyone interested in the complexities of language development and the shared narratives that connect diverse communities across the continent.

A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 masterfully encapsulates the linguistic evolution of Middle English, providing a crucial window into the rich tapestry of language and culture during the medieval period. This collection of lexical heritage offers readers a nuanced understanding of the words that shaped a critical era in English history. The range of entries reflects diverse literary styles from ecclesiastical texts to chivalric romances, capturing the vibrant voice of a time when the English language was in a state of transformation. The anthology does not merely list definitions but weaves a narrative through its entries, illuminating the linguistic and societal developments of the time. Compiled by the distinguished philologists Walter W. Skeat and A. L. Mayhew, this dictionary is a testament to their profound expertise and comprehensive engagement with medieval literature. Their work aligns with the broader movements in historical lexicography and philological study, drawing upon resources that capture the socio-political and cultural milieus of the Middle English period. The collective expertise of these editors imbues the anthology with an authoritative voice, ensuring that readers gain an insightful understanding of the Middle English vernacular and its significance. Readers are invited to explore this meticulously curated volume for an immersive journey into Middle English language and culture. Ideal for linguistic scholars and enthusiasts alike, it offers an educational foray into the multiplicity of perspectives and styles present in Middle English texts. Skeat and Mayhews dictionary stands as an essential resource, fostering a dialogue between historical language study and contemporary linguistic appreciation, providing invaluable insights into medieval society and its enduring influence on the English language today.

In "Geographical Etymology: A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations," Christina Blackie presents a meticulous exploration of the origins and meanings of various place names, revealing the rich tapestry of language, culture, and history that they embody. This scholarly work intricately combines linguistic analysis with geographical information, employing a clear and accessible style that invites both lay readers and experts to delve into the etymological roots of familiar locales. Blackies methodical organization of entries facilitates ease of reference, making it an invaluable resource for academics, historians, and linguists alike, while contributing significantly to the fields of onomastics and geography. Christina Blackies background in linguistics and her passion for dialects and regional histories vividly illuminate her purpose in crafting this dictionary. Hailing from a region steeped in a rich tapestry of cultural influences, Blackies personal experiences have imbued her with a profound appreciation for how place names reflect societal shifts, migrations, and the interplay between language and land throughout history. Her extensive research is evident, showcasing both her academic rigor and her fervent appreciation for the stories embedded in place names. Recommended for anyone intrigued by the intersection of language and geography, "Geographical Etymology" offers readers a rare opportunity to uncover the significant meanings hidden within familiar names. Whether you are a scholar seeking to enhance your understanding of linguistic heritage or simply a curious reader eager to explore the roots of your own hometown, Blackies work serves as a thoughtful and engaging companion on this enlightening journey.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "English Spelling and Spelling Reform," Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury embarks on a meticulous exploration of the complexities and inconsistences inherent in English orthography. Employing a blend of linguistic analysis and historical context, Lounsbury scrutinizes the evolution of English spelling, revealing how etymological roots and phonetic anomalies have shaped contemporary usage. The work is structured logically, weaving together case studies and reform proposals that align with the broader debates of the 19th century surrounding educational reform and literacy, positioning it within the burgeoning field of philology. Lounsbury, a prominent linguist and scholar of the late 19th century, was deeply engaged in the study of language and its pedagogical implications. His career at Yale University influenced his convictions about the necessity of spelling reform, especially as he witnessed the challenges students faced due to the irregularities of English spelling. LounsburyAos expertise in linguistics and his passionate advocacy for a more rational writing system reflect his desire to enhance literacy and education for all. This book is essential for linguists, educators, and anyone interested in the evolution of the English language. Lounsburys arguments are not only timely but also resonate with ongoing discussions about accessibility in language, making this work a valuable addition to any scholarly library.

In "A Select Glossary of English Words Used Formerly in Senses Different from Their Present," Richard Chenevix Trench embarks on a meticulous exploration of the evolution of the English language. This scholarly work, characterized by a precise and analytical style, serves as a critical resource for linguists and literary historians alike. Trench examines a plethora of words that have undergone semantic shifts, revealing how historical usage reflects broader cultural and societal changes. Through his rich use of examples and a detailed etymological approach, Trench provides readers with a nuanced understanding of both the words and the contexts in which they were originally employed. Richard Chenevix Trench (1807-1886) was an influential philologist, poet, and archbishop whose passion for language deeply influenced his scholarly pursuits. His extensive background in linguistics and biblical texts informed his acute awareness of the shifting nature of meaning within the English lexicon. As an advocate for linguistic preservation, Trench was motivated by the need to document and analyze these transformations to safeguard the integrity of the English language for future generations. This indispensable glossary is highly recommended for anyone intrigued by the intricacies of language evolution. Trenchs insightful analysis not only contributes to our understanding of word meanings but also prompts reflection on how language shapes thought and identity across time. It is a vital resource for scholars, students, and any language enthusiast seeking to deepen their appreciation of the English languages rich tapestry.

Traditionally, writing--a graphic, multidimensional form of communication--has been approached as a vehicle for representing, and therefore conveying, the spoken word. Moving beyond this manner of analysis, this volume interrogates writing as a medium that is not simply a handmaiden to oral and aural exchange but a communication system that is richly layered and experienced. To exploit this aspect of visual code, scholars from the fields of Egyptology, Sinology, Hittitology, and Assyriology, together with Mesoamericanists, art historians, and a sign language specialist, are brought together in this volume. In its pages, these contributors incorporate into their analyses methods more commonly used in linguistics and semiotics, communication studies, art historical analysis, and traditional philology to new ends in order to form original trajectories of inquiry. Each contribution either lays bare explicit exploitation of visuality in scribal production as a means to cement power, reveal the mystical, induce humor, or expose clandestine views or it locates implicit knowledge schemes and cultural maps underlying and informing these same productions. The pioneering investigations presented in Seen Not Heard reveal that although writing may be heard, the fact that it can also be seen affects its reception and therefore the meaning of any transported phonological units.

In "A Cursory History of Swearing," Julian Sharman delves into the multifaceted world of profanity, examining its evolution through various cultural and historical lenses. This meticulously researched work combines a robust scholarly approach with a lucid and engaging prose style, making it both informative and accessible. Sharman navigates the origins of swearing, its sociolinguistic implications, and its role in human expression, offering a rich tapestry of anecdotes and historical anecdotes that illustrate the persistence of taboo language across civilizations. Julian Sharman, a linguist and cultural historian, draws upon a diverse background in linguistics and anthropology, which informs his nuanced perspective on language and society. His passion for exploring the intersection of language and culture is evident, as he weaves personal insights and academic rigor together. This background has undoubtedly shaped his exploration of swearing as both a linguistic phenomenon and a cultural artifact, illuminating the complexities behind what is often dismissed as mere irreverence. "A Cursory History of Swearing" is a must-read for linguistics enthusiasts, cultural historians, and anyone curious about the expressive power of language. Sharmans engaging style invites readers to reflect on their own linguistic choices and consider the rich history that underlies even the simplest utterances. This book promises to expand your understanding of language while providing a delightful journey through its most colorful expressions.

The book studies general name theoretical questions and universal features of personal name giving and also provides a description of the personal name system of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The chapters on name theory introduce a cognitive-pragmatic model that is suitable for the characterization of the anthroponym system of any language in any of its historical eras. In the chapters discussing the features of old Hungarian personal name giving and usage we can find a specific application of the theoretical model. The medieval Carpathian Basin provides an excellent opportunity for such an analysis for several reasons. On the one hand because this region was at the crossroads of languages and cultures in the Middle Ages and this also clearly influenced its anthroponym systems. On the other hand, the time period under scrutiny, the Middle Ages (and more precisely the Old Hungarian Era between 895 and 1526) witnessed the restructuring of the name system on multiple levels, including the appearance and ensuing dominance of personal names of a Latin origin as a result of the country becoming a Christian nation and the emergence of family names as a new personal name category. The book also provides a detailed overview of the historical process in which personal name categories and personal name types were built and relied on one another.Dieses Buch behandelt einerseits allgemeine namenstheoretische Fragen und universelle Charakteristika der Personennamengebung und Personennamenverwendung, andererseits bietet es eine Beschreibung des Personennamensystems des Ungarischen Konigreichs im Mittelalter. In den namenstheoretischen Kapiteln wird ein kognitiv-pragmatisches Beschreibungsmodell vorgestellt, das fur die Darstellung des Personennamensystems jedweder Sprache in all ihrer Epochen geeignet ist. In den weiteren Kapiteln zu den Besonderheiten der alten ungarischen Personennamengebung und Personennamenverwendung ist die konkrete Anwendung des Beschreibungsmodells zu finden. Das mittelalterliche Karpatenbecken bietet fur eine solche Analyse ein ausgezeichnetes Untersuchungsfeld. Zum einen galt diese Region als Sammelstelle von Sprachen und Kulturen im Mittelalter, was naturlich auch in den Personennamensystemen seine Spur hinterlassen hat, zum anderen ist die untersuchte Epoche, das Mittelalter (genauer die sogenannte altungarische Zeit, 8951526) als das Zeitalter zu betrachten, in dem die Restrukturierung des Namensystems auf mehreren Ebenen zu sehen ist: Die Erscheinung und das rasche Dominantwerden der Personennamen lateinischen Ursprungs als Ergebnis der Einbindung in den christlichen Kulturkreis ist als einer dieser Prozesse anzusehen, wahrend die andere groe Veranderung die Entstehung der Familiennamen als neuer Personennamentyp darstellt. Im Buch wird auch der historische Prozess der Aufeinanderschichtung der Personennamenkategorien und Personennamentypen detailliert vorgestellt.

In "A Record of Study in Aboriginal American Languages," Daniel G. Brinton presents a comprehensive survey of Native American languages, meticulously documenting their diversity and structure. Through a philological lens, Brinton not only catalogs the vast array of linguistic groups but also delves into their cultural significance, exploring how language shapes identity and thought. His approach is both systematic and contextual, drawing from a rich repository of ethnographic data, and reflecting the burgeoning interest in linguistics and anthropology of the late 19th century. The literary style is marked by clarity and precision, inviting readers to engage with the intricate tapestry of Indigenous languages in the Americas. Daniel G. Brinton was a prominent American archaeologist and linguist, whose passion for Native American cultures prompted an extensive study of their languages. Influenced by the intellectual movement of his time, Brinton sought to document and preserve these languages against the backdrop of increasing assimilation and erasure of Indigenous identities. His academic background, rooted in a deep appreciation for botany, archaeology, and linguistics, equipped him with a unique perspective and a rigorous method to approach language studies, reflecting his broader humanitarian interests. This book is essential for linguists, anthropologists, historians, and anyone intrigued by the complexities of language as it intersects with culture. Brintons work not only highlights the linguistic richness of Indigenous communities but also serves as a critical reminder of the need to preserve these languages for future generations. Readers will find within its pages both an academic resource and a profound homage to the enduring legacy of Native American languages.

In "Hieroglyfic: or, a Grammatical Introduction to an Universal Hieroglyfic Language," Rowland Jones embarks on an ambitious exploration of a universal symbolic language through the intricate lens of grammar. Employing a methodical yet imaginative literary style, the book deftly interweaves linguistics with semiotics, inviting readers into a thoughtful dialogue on how hieroglyphs could serve as a universal means of communication. Set against the backdrop of the early 18th century, an era marked by burgeoning fascination with language and the emerging field of comparative linguistics, Joness work reflects the intellectual zeitgeist following the Enlightenment, where the pursuit of knowledge and understanding transcended cultural boundaries. Rowland Jones, a lesser-known scholar whose interests spanned linguistics and philosophy, faced the challenges of a rapidly globalizing world. His endeavor to create an accessible framework for understanding hieroglyphs is informed by his own academic background and the cultural exchanges of his time, highlighting his belief in the power of a shared language to unify diverse peoples. Through this work, Jones aims not only to elucidate language itself but to advocate for a broader understanding among humankind. This book is a crucial read for anyone interested in linguistic theory, the history of language, or the philosophical implications of communication. Joness pioneering vision opens a window into the potential for universal language and could inspire modern readers to further contemplate the connections that bind us across cultures and eras.

In "Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue," Alexander Schoolmaster Hume intricately examines the linguistic landscape of the English language during the early 17th century. Through a detailed exploration of orthography and grammar, Hume employs a pedagogical style that is both didactic and reflective, positioning his discourse within the wider context of the Renaissances burgeoning interest in language standardization. His work not only addresses the orthographic challenges of the time but also proposes a systematic approach to language that argues for clarity and consistency in English usage, highlighting the interplay between language, identity, and culture in Britain. Hume, an educator and linguist, held a profound interest in the evolution of the English language, which shaped his desire to craft this comprehensive guide. His background in education positioned him uniquely to create a text aimed at reinforcing the rules and conventions of English that were becoming increasingly necessary for scholarly and literary communication. Humes insights reflect both his scholarly pursuits and his advocacy for a more standardized language as a means to unify and elevate British society. This book is highly recommended for linguists, historians, and educators interested in the foundations of English orthography and grammar. Humes meticulous observations and proposals are not only historically significant but also offer modern readers insights into the challenges of language evolution. Delve into Humes work to appreciate the intricacies of the English language and its journey through the ages.

In "Lectures on the Science of Language," F. Max Muller embarks on a comprehensive exploration of linguistics, emphasizing the relationship between language, thought, and culture. Through a series of engaging lectures, Muller employs a clear and accessible style, merging philosophical inquiry with empirical observation. He critiques the prevailing theories of his time while offering a systematic examination of language acquisition and its evolutionary significance. The work is set against the backdrop of 19th-century philology, where the study of language was emerging as a crucial discipline in understanding human civilization. F. Max Muller, a renowned philologist and a pivotal figure in the development of comparative linguistics, was profoundly influenced by the cultural narratives of his time. His extensive travels in India and his engagement with Sanskrit literature imbued him with a deep appreciation for linguistic diversity. Mullers academic journey, rooted in the intersection of language and spirituality, equipped him to address the complexities surrounding linguistic evolution and its implications on social identity, shaping his arguments in this seminal work. For scholars, students, and language enthusiasts alike, "Lectures on the Science of Language" serves as an indispensable resource. It not only offers foundational insights into linguistic science but also encourages a broader understanding of humanitys interconnectedness through language. This profound exploration will enrich any readers appreciation of the nuanced relationship between language and cultural identity.

In "The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages, as Set Forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt," Daniel G. Brinton meticulously explores the philosophical underpinnings and grammatical structures of Native American languages through the lens of Humboldts linguistic theories. Brintons rich prose combines analytical depth with an appreciation of the aesthetic dimensions of language, reflecting the complex interplay between thought and expression. The book situates itself within the burgeoning field of comparative linguistics prevalent in the 19th century, offering a profound examination of how language shapes cultural identity and worldview. Daniel G. Brinton was an influential American linguist and anthropologist known for his extensive work on Native American languages and cultures. His scholarly pursuits were motivated by a deep respect for indigenous knowledge systems and the desire to preserve their linguistic heritage in a rapidly changing world. Brintons engagement with Humboldts ideas illustrates his commitment to understanding linguistic diversity and his role in the wider discourse on language preservation. This book is an essential read for linguists, anthropologists, and anyone interested in the philosophical aspects of language. Brintons unique perspective not only enriches our understanding of American languages but also highlights the intellectual legacy of Wilhelm von Humboldt, making this text a significant contribution to the study of linguistics and cultural history.

In "Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages," John Summerfield meticulously examines the linguistic structure of the Chippewa language, contributing significantly to the field of Native American linguistics. Utilizing a descriptive and analytical literary style, Summerfield delves into phonetics, morphology, and syntax, presenting a comprehensive overview that reflects both the complexities and nuances of the language. This work stands out in the context of 19th-century linguistics, as it effectively combines empirical observation with theoretical insights, serving as an early yet impactful resource for understanding Indigenous language systems. John Summerfield, an 19th-century linguist and passionate advocate for Indigenous cultures, was deeply inspired by his interactions with Indigenous communities in North America. His commitment to preserving and documenting the Chippewa language stemmed from an understanding of the cultural richness woven into linguistic expressions. Summerfields scholarship is also influenced by the broader intellectual movements of his time, which sought to systematically categorize and analyze languages, reflecting an academic curiosity that transcended mere ethnographic interests. This book is essential for linguists, anthropologists, and anyone interested in Indigenous studies. It not only enriches the understanding of the Chippewa language but also serves as a foundational text for those wishing to explore the intersection of language preservation and cultural identity. Summerfields work is a testament to the critical importance of documenting linguistic diversity amidst the changing tides of cultural assimilation.

In "The Evolution of English Lexicography," James Augustus Henry Sir Murray presents a comprehensive examination of the development and history of English dictionaries from their nascent forms to the sophisticated texts of his time. Murrays meticulous research is complemented by a literary style that is both scholarly and accessible, blending historical analysis with critical commentary on the linguistic and cultural shifts that shaped English lexicography. Through an exploration of key figures and pivotal moments, he reveals how dictionaries have not only documented language but also influenced its evolution, reflecting societal changes and the complexities of English as a living language. James Augustus Henry Murray, best known as the principal editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, was profoundly affected by the lexicographical challenges of his era. His academic background, deeply rooted in philology and linguistics, informed his understanding of language as a dynamic entity. Murrays extensive involvement in compiling dictionaries and his passion for linguistic accuracy and richness lend authority and depth to this work, offering insights into the painstaking efforts required to document and standardize the English language systematically. For anyone with a keen interest in linguistics, history, or the art of dictionary-making, Murrays "The Evolution of English Lexicography" is an indispensable resource. Its rich historical narrative and analytical depth make it a vital contribution to the field, illuminating how our understanding of language is inextricably tied to the tools we use to record it.

Wilhelm Braunes "A Gothic Grammar, with Selections for Reading and a Glossary" serves as a foundational text in the study of the Gothic language, which is a critical component of Germanic philology. Braunes meticulous approach combines a systematic grammatical framework with carefully selected readings, reflecting both linguistic structures and the cultural contexts in which the Gothic language flourished. His use of accessible yet scholarly prose places this work within the broader literary tradition of 19th-century linguistics, characterized by a revival of interest in ancient languages and cultures, making it a vital resource for both students and researchers of Gothic studies. Wilhelm Braune (1840-1916) was a prominent German philologist, known for his dedication to historical linguistics and the study of ancient Germanic languages. His academic background and passion for etymology informed his commitment to preserving and illuminating the Gothic heritage, which had been largely overshadowed by more dominant forms of Germanic literature. This passion is palpable in his grammar, which not only elucidates the intricacies of the Gothic language but also reveals the rich cultural tapestry of the Gothic people. "A Gothic Grammar" is an essential read for linguists, students of Germanic languages, and enthusiasts of historical linguistics. It not only serves as a practical reference for mastering Gothic but also enriches the readers understanding of a pivotal period in linguistic history. Braunes synthesis of grammar, reading selections, and glossary provides a holistic approach that will resonate with any scholar interested in the intersections of language, culture, and history.