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Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient greece. The greeks were polytheistic in their religious beliefs. Polytheistic means they believed in and worshiped many different gods. Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient greece and its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. Just some of the topics covered in this book include Uranus: betrayal by cronus Cronus: fear of his children Titans vs. Olympian gods Olympian rule Zeus and his ladies Prometheus and herakles An unhappy tale of the underworld The beauty contest that led to the fall of troy Poseidon, metis, athena and atlantis Kraken and other monsters Jason, the argonauts, and medeas dragon Furthermore, osiris was associated with the kings of egypt because the egyptians believed he was a king himself. The ancient egyptians could trace their kings back, one by one, to a time when the gods were believed to have ruled the land in person. Osiris was the third or fourth successor to the egyptian throne after creation, and the egyptians believed that osiriss connection with kingship is what allowed their kings to be reborn in a way themselves. He was also said to be physically enormous almost 15 and a half feet according to some sources which was said to have aided him in his military campaigns.

This volume celebrates the contributions and impact of our mentor, colleague, and friend, James C. Wright, on the field of Aegean Bronze archaeology in recognition of his retirement from Bryn Mawr College. The title and thematic orientation reflect his scholarly attention to power inequalities in the past, particularly as manifested through social access to architectural spaces and landscapes. The title acknowledges that Jims interests and contributions extend beyond the domain of Aegean Prehistory, not only in terms of chronology and geography, but also in terms of his methodological approaches that have wider application. In addition to Jims colleagues and collaborators, more than half of the contributions to the volume are by his students who collectively are but one of many signs of his profound and lasting impact not only on our scholarship, but on the discipline of archaeology itself.

This collected volume gathers articles stemming from the papers presented at the international and interdisciplinary conference Language, semantics and cognition. Saying and conceptualizing the world from Ancient Egypt to modern times, organized at Yale university (online) on April 16-18, 2021. It offers a glimpse at the current state of research in different fields intersecting with the study of the Egyptian language (lexical semantics, semantic typology, visual semiotics, metaphor studies, cognitive linguistics, classifiers studies) and addresses some main research questions for the future. It lays the foundations of a methodological road map for more effective interdisciplinary research. The studies included in this volume explore the link between the cognitive level (What are the conceptual categories in which the real is divided? How are they organized?) and the linguistic and written/visual level (How are these concepts expressed in the language/script?) through various themes. They allow for a comparison of the results obtained from different perspectives and approaches and for highlighting the differences and/or similarities that can be found cross-culturally and cross-linguistically, in pre-modern and modern languages. A major aim of the volume is to stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of pre-modern languages and stress the importance of making data from these languages and their scripts accessible to scholars from other fields, in order to integrate them in a broader scientific dialogue.

The books chapters are thoughtfully organized, allowing readers to navigate through different aspects of the pantheon. It covers creation myths, the Ennead and Ogdoad groups of deities, solar and lunar gods, fertility goddesses, and much more. Additionally, the handbook doesnt just focus on the deities themselves, but also explores the religious practices, rituals, and ceremonies associated with each figure. The authors have gone to great lengths to ensure accuracy, drawing from a wide range of ancient texts, hieroglyphs, inscriptions, and archaeological discoveries. The inclusion of vivid illustrations, photographs, and depictions of ancient art further enriches the reading experience, bringing the gods and goddesses to life in the readers imagination. This book will provide you with a comprehensive overview of Egypts long history, including: The beginning of Egyptian civilization A brief look into ancient Egyptian monuments Stories about the pharaohs and their exploits An extraordinary look into Egypts magnificent golden age Alexanders conquest of Egypt The scandalous lives of the Ptolemys A brief exploration of Egypts medieval period Today, Egyptian imagery, concepts, and perspectives are found everywhere; you will find them in architectural forms, on money, and in our day to day lives. Many cosmetic surgeons, for example, use the silhouette of Queen Nefertiti (whose name means the beautiful one has come) in their advertisements.

2026 Winner of the Anna Marguerite McCann Award for Fieldwork Reports (Archaeological Institute of America) This volume presents funerary and domestic remains from the Late Helladic (LH) period at the settlement of Lerna, an important prehistoric site on the Gulf of Argos excavated by the ASCSA in the 1950s. Most of the material derives from the fill of two disturbed shaft graves from the later half of the LH I period, whose large ceramic and faunal assemblages are complemented by finds from an additional nine graves and domestic remains. Stratigraphic analysis of the shaft graves and surrounding remains contextualize the ceramics and miscellaneous objects recorded in the accompanying catalogues. Analysis of the pottery establishes a clear subdivision of LH I table ware into two phases and suggests a close relationship between kin groups at Lerna and at Kolonna on Aigina. Contributions by Sturt Manning on radiocarbon dating of the shaft grave fills, Ian Whitbread and Hans Mommsen on petrographic and chemical analysis of the pottery, and David S. Reese on the faunal remains shed further light on this important material. The combined evidence suggests that Lerna was continually settled throughout the LH I period, with decline in the early LH IIA period and abandonment in the LH IIB period. While publication of intact monumental tombs often focuses on the elite occupants and their precious grave goods, the value of the Lerna shaft graves lies in what they reveal about the hundreds of living participants in the funerary rituals

A century ago, Charles Leonard Woolley directed the first excavations at Amarna site M50.14-16, identifying it as a workshop for glass and faience. However, the archaeological record and its publication in The City of Akhenaten I were somewhat superficial. New excavations conducted by the Amarna Project in 2014 and 2017 yielded extensive evidence of glass-, faience-, stone-, and metalworking, reaffirming the sites role as a workshop. These investigations also illuminated its domestic character, uncovering valuable data on houses and other structural remains. This volume presents a near-complete record of the site, offering a comprehensive archaeological and architectural evaluation alongside in-depth analyses of material culture, including archaeobotany, charcoal, animal bones, ceramics, and other artefacts. The individual chapters reconstruct the chaines operatoires of various craft production activities. Additionally, the organisation of production and the concept of cross-craft interaction are explored, as the site is situated within the broader industrial network of Amarna. This volume furthermore provides an in-depth examination of the inhabitants roles and daily lives, enriching our understanding of this significant site.

Founded in 1881, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens is the oldest American overseas research institute. It has hosted and trained hundreds of classical scholars and archaeologists and more recently expanded its mission to include Byzantine and later Greek history and culture. This book, compiled by the Schools first female director in its 140 years, traces for the first time the growing presence and prestige of this academic facility, which sponsors the long-term excavations of ancient Corinth and the Athenian Agora as well as one of the most important laboratories for archaeological science in Europe.

From the gold of the shaft graves of Mycenae to an undecorated Late Roman lekythos, and from facade statuary in Roman Ephesus to electroplated teapots in present-day household assemblages on the island of Kythera, this volume presents a selection of essays on the complex and ever-progressing relationships between things and people across time and space. Past and present advances in the discourse on materialisms are approached from a case study perspective through the lens of two different but complementary themes: object biography and materiality in relation to medium. Each essay offers a distinct insight into the always shifting meanings, values, and relational connections of things, exploring a diversity of concepts, contexts, and material elements from prehistory to today.

This first volume of the new series "Exploring Assur" presents the results of the fieldwork conducted at Assur, modern Qalat Sherqat, in 2023, with a focus on the New Town in the south of the settlement, and contains contributions by Mark Altaweel, Silvia Amicone, Katleen Deckers, Jorg Fassbinder, Holger Gzella, Sandra Hahn, Jean-Jacques Herr, Veronica Hinterhuber, F. Janoscha Kreppner, Inci Nurgul Ozdogru, Karen Radner, Jana Richter, Jens Rohde, Lena Ruider, Claudia Sarkady, Michaela Schauer, Annette Paetz gen. Schieck, Andrea Squitieri, Andreas Stele, and Marco Wolf. At Assur, the team is based in the excavation house first used by Walter Andrae from 1903-1914, and as this building is a protected monument within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Assur, a chapter is dedicated to its history. The early years come to life through the letters of Andrae and many photographs that he and his staff took of the building, reproduced courtesy of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin. The fieldwork undertaken in 2023 included a program of magnetometer and electrical resistivity tomography prospecting and sediment coring in the New Town of Assur, whose results are presented together with a study of soil and sediment magnetism based on coring samples. The magnetogram of the New Town substantially deepens our knowledge of the settlements organisation in the first centuries AD when the city was part of the Parthian world. The excavations conducted in the southern part of the New Town, directly adjoining an area excavated by the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage in 2002, brought to light a sizeable chamber tomb of 46 m2 from that period, with over a dozen skeletons. Moreover, the excavations yielded highly welcome new evidence for the Hellenistic occupation of Assur, namely Building A and two burials (Graves 3 and 4). The dead were placed underneath clay sarcophagi of an ovoid-elliptical shape. One bears an incised alphabetic inscription dated to the month Ab in the year 153 of the Seleucid era, that is July/August 158 BC. Brief as the text is, it provides precious insights into writing and dating practices at Assur after the end of local cuneiform writing and before the rise of the Eastern Mesopotamian scribal tradition that would eventually spread to Hatra and other areas. This burial also contained calcinated textile fragments of at least six different types of cloth. New data for the Assyrian occupation of Assur originates from some small-scale work undertaken on the edge of the Iraqi trench of 2002, from the partially excavated Building B and from Grave 5, which contained typical 7th century BC items including a bronze fibula and a glazed miniature vessel. A deep sounding dug down from this burial to the virgin soil yielded pottery types that are well known from sites in the Assyrian heartland and the Syrian Jazirah in the 13th century BC, including fragments of carinated bowls and beakers with elongated bodies and nipple bases, as well as a piece of charcoal with a radiocarbon dating range of 1506-1440 calBC (95.4% probability). This date corresponds well with the oldest mention of the construction of the wall and the gates of the New Town in the inscriptions of Puzur-Aur III, whose reign is conventionally dated to 1521-1498 BC. In total, the 2023 excavations produced 17 radiocarbon dating ranges, derived from the analysis of charcoal, seeds and human teeth; these are the very first 14C dates available from Assur. Another f...

Unique among the extant works on visiting tombs, the Muhaddib al-talibin ila qubur al-Salihin (The Educator for Seekers of Tombs of the Pious), by Ibn al-Gabbas (d. after 736/1336) is the only book that is organised by generations (rabaqat). This critical edition is based on a rare manuscript copied in Egypt and restored by Sihab al-Din b. al-Agami, the historian and visitor (d. 1086/1675) who owned it. We do not know precisely when it was moved to al-Zawiya al-Nasiriyya, in southeastern Morocco.

This book presents for the first time the complete corpus of equipment for horses excavated by The Hasanlu Project in the Iron II level at Hasanlu Tepe, Iran. The equipment is varied, extensive, and in a context sealed as buildings collapsed during the violent surprise attack and resulting fire that destroyed the town. The equipment, most still in its primary location ready for active use, make it of particular, if not unique, importance. It is also remarkable in the quantity recovered, its variety and richness, the functional types that could be identified (riding, draft, ceremonial), and the amount that could be reconstructed. Its life context gives new information about equipment and usage not otherwise available and allows suggestions for the layered importance of the horse as evidenced by the equipment. No other book presents equipment for horses in a similar context and quantity because the preservation at Hasanlu is unique for this part of the Near East in this time period. The equipment also provides new insight into space use in Hasanlu, one of the most important Iron Age sites in northwest Iran. Findspots yield information about building use and reuse, some as stables. These and architectural alterations provide unique information regarding changes to the town over time, some of which most likely reflect changes in the dynamics of the region.

This book is the proceedings of the first symposium of the working group "Egyptian Riverine Harbours", held at Ifao (Cairo) from 15 to 18 September 2019. This working group, led by Marine Yoyotte, Irene Forstner-Muller and Harco Willems, is part of a collaboration between IFAO, OeAI (Cairo branch) and KU Leuven. The volume brings together nineteen both innovative, interdisciplinary contributions from the Pharaonic period to the Middle Ages, representing the first attempt yet to understand ancient Egyptian harbours, their function and their integration in the network of Egyptian waterways. The various articles, written by specialists in each of the aforementioned fields, bring together textual, archaeological and geomorphological data considered to understand the role of river harbours in the specific Nile landscape.

Nasirutha é uma jornada espiritual e filosófica da Escola judaica de Hilel (Beit Hilel) a Sabedoria Ancestral e a transcendência da alma. Dividido em várias partes ricas de ensinamentos, este livro u

A Firsthand Look at a Groundbreaking Archaeological DiscoveryIn 2014, aerial photography revealed a submerged structure beneath the waters of Lake Iznik, near the ancient city of Nicaea. The structure appeared to be in the shape of an ancient basilica church, with a nave, aisles, and an apse pointing to the east. The discovery was named one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in 2014 by the Archaeological Institute of America. Earlier excavations in ancient Nicaea have revealed fourteen Byzantine churches in the city, but none of them can be dated as early as the fourth century.Biblical scholar and archaeologist Mark Fairchilds work on the archaeological excavations in Turkey reveals what he argues is the likely location of the First Council of Nicaea. The Underwater Basilica of Nicaea includes: Beautiful images from the excavation Helpful maps from the dig site Fascinating insights for a location that could be the birthplace of Christian theology.

"Este livro tem como objetivo explicar as duas vertentes sobre as origens do ser humano. A religiosa, baseada nos relatos de Gênesis capítulo 1 ao 11, que teve influência dos mitos cananeus (Ugarit)

Em um mundo gelado e inexplorado, A Última Fronteira: Mistérios Sob o gelo, conta uma história cheia de revelações e descobertas de civilizações antigas que viveram há muitos anos atrás ao redores da

Continuing the work of publishing the the excavations at the site of Ayia Irini on the Cycladic island of Keos, this volume focuses on the architecture and stratigraphy of the site.

Robert Kriech Ritner (May 5, 1953-July 25, 2021) was the Rowe Professor of Egyptology at the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures of the University of Chicago. His trendsetting scholarship revolutionized our views of ancient Egyptian religion and helped launch a renaissance in the study of magic in the ancient world. In this volume, twenty-seven of Robert K. Ritners closest friends, colleagues, and students have come together to honor him by presenting the latest groundbreaking research in Egyptology and beyond.

Chicago on the Nile relates the colorful story of the University of Chicagos Epigraphic Survey expedition to Egypt, from its conception in 1924 by the first American Egyptologist, James Henry Breasted, through its development over the course of a century to become the major scientific and social presence it is todaynot just in Egypt but throughout the world. Initially envisioned as a small group of scientists devoted to documenting the ancient historical inscriptions and reliefs on the walls of the temple of Medinet Habu in Luxor, the Epigraphic Surveys work grew to encompass many of the most important sites in Egypt, including Karnak, Luxor Temple, the tomb of Kheruef, Saqqara, Abydos, and the Beit el-Wali temple in Nubia. The story places this work within the larger contexts of Egyptian and international politics, the vicissitudes of the world financial situation, and academic policies. Drawing on hundreds of letters and photos, most of them previously unpublished, the book explores why the Epigraphic Survey chose specific sites for its work, the often grand expectations for its projects and publication program, and the ultimate results. The history of Chicago House, the Surveys headquarters and residence, is described in detail and offers many amusing anecdotes of social life there over the past century. As such, Chicago on the Nile provides a whos who of Egyptologists and archaeologists who worked for and interacted with the Survey to save the endangered texts and reliefs on the ancient monuments of the Nile Valley.

Howard Carter is often remembered for the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, but his legacy in the field of Egyptology spreads far further than this single discovery. The youngest of 11 children, Howard Carter began his career as an artist working for the Egypt Exploration Fund in 1891. Despite his young age, he pioneered new techniques in archaeological recording and used those skills to create beautiful, accurate images of tomb and temple scenes preserved on the monuments of Egypt. Carters largest known watercolour painting (EES.ART.224) is a full- scale reproduction of a scene from the shrine to Anubis in Hatshepsuts temple at Deir el-Bahari. This work, actually comprised of six pieces of paper combined together to create the scene, is testament to his expertise as an artist. It shows Tuthmosis I and his mother Senseneb before an offering table laden with food dedicated to the god Anubis, a jackal-headed god of embalming. Very little is known about queen Senseneb, and this scene represents one of the few known depictions of her. By shining a spotlight on the painting, Carl Graves provides context to it while uncovering the life and legacy of one of Egypts greatest archaeologists.