eBooks de Arqueología, página 7 de 25

Román Piña Chan incursiona en la simbología, la iconografía y la escultura de las etnias olmeca y zapoteca, que de alguna manera contribuyeron a la formación de la escritura maya. Analiza los signos iconograficos que se observan en algunos monumentos de piedra, propios de los grupos olmecas urbanos, y a continuacion muestra algunos ejemplos de la escritura olmeca con base en signos que adquieren su significado ideografico fijo.

Animals, Ancestors, and Ritual in Early Bronze Age Syria: An Elite Mortuary Complex from Umm el-Marra, edited by Johns Hopkins professor Glenn M. Schwartz, is a final report of the excavation of Tell Umm el-Marra in northern Syria, conducted in 1994-2010. It is likely the site of ancient Tuba, capital of a small kingdom in the Early and Middle Bronze periods, in the Jabbul plain between Aleppo and northern Mesopotamia. Its study advances our understanding of early Syrian complex society beyond the big cities of Antiquity. Of particular importance in the Early Bronze excavations are the results from the site necropolis, tombs of high-ranking persons containing objects of gold, silver, and lapis lazuli. Separate installations hold kungas (donkey x onager hybrids), sometimes along with human infants. This site provides the first archaeological attestation of the kunga equids, unique in the archaeology of third-millennium Syria and Mesopotamia.

Located on the shore of the Gulf of Argos, Lerna is one of the most important prehistoric sites in Greece, having been occupied with few interruptions over a period of some 5,000 years, from the 6th to the 1st millennium B.C. Following excavations under the direction of Professor J. Caskey from 1952 to 1958, the well-preserved, deeply stratified record resulted in Lerna becoming the undisputed "typesite" and master sequence for the Early and Middle Bronze Ages on the southern Greek mainland. However, the Middle Bronze Age settlement and material have never been comprehensively published. This volume presents a catalogue of the Middle Helladic ceramic material and an analysis of the material in terms of shape, decoration, and fabric with the objective of elucidating the changing patterns of ceramic production and consumption at a key mainland site.

Itineraries and route descriptions are among the most outstanding sources for the reconstruction of historical geography. The stages mentioned in texts make it possible to determine the ancient road network in interdisciplinary cooperation between philology and archaeology and to identify ancient toponyms with archaeologically proven settlements dated by excavation or survey. However, routes are rarely the shortest way from A to B, but were always determined by certain parameters: What did the landscape that was travelled through look like? Where was water for travellers and pack animals accessible and where could rivers be crossed? How did travellers adapt to the seasonal conditions? And where did they find safe accommodation if there was no settlement? This volume brings together the answers of international experts from various disciplines. In the first part, the general conditions of vegetation, weather, water resources and general requirements for routes and travelling are discussed in five contributions by K. Deckers & M. de Gruchy, H. Reculeau, E. Cancik-Kirschbaum and A. Dietz. Furthermore, IT methods that allow knowledge modelling of itineraries are presented by C. Cruz and M. Poncet. The second part deals with selected itineraries in Upper Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. A. Tenu, J.-L. Montero Fenollos & Francisco Caramelo present a new Middle Assyrian route stage, and D. Charpin reconstructs Zimri-Lims route from the Habur to the Euphrates. N. Ziegler, A. Otto & C. Fink present a new edition of the Old Babylonian "Road to Emar", the most elaborate travel description of Mesopotamian written documentation, and achieve an advanced reconstruction of the route and the identification of various ancient toponyms, above all of ami-Adads capital city Ekallatum.

Excavations at ancient Methone since 2003 by the Greek Ministry of Culture have uncovered remains from the Late Neolithic period through the fourth-century B.C. destruction by Philip II of Macedon. These discoveries extend the history of the city, a colony of Eretria (Euboia) since the late eighth century B.C., by nearly three thousand years into Greek prehistory. This volume presents results of the project in selected artefacts, burials, and structures representing the chief phases of the city, in chronological order. An introduction covers historical sources, excavations from 2003 to 2013, and the unique location of Methone. Part I details the prehistoric settlement at Methone, from the fourth millennium to 1000 B.C., and the Bronze Age burials. Part II focuses on the copious artifacts and ecofacts from the Early Iron Age "Hypogeion" shaft. Part III presents artifacts and architecture from the Archaic and Classical periods, through the final days of the siege of the city in 354 B.C. The significance of this work lies in its interdisciplinary methods, combining stylistic analysis of artifacts and source-critical philology with natural history, bioarchaeology, materials analysis, and geochemistry, whose results reveal the long-term history of a site crucial to the economic and political history of Classical Greece and the north Aegean.

The Hellenistic necropolis of Plinthine, located about 800 m west of the urban settlement of Kom el Nogus/Plinthine, on the western margins of the Alexandrian chora, was built on and in the calcarenite ridge or taenia that separates the Mediterranean from Lake Mariut. It has been celebrated as a miniature version of the great Alexandrian necropolises since the first excavations by Achille Adriani in 1937, followed by various unpublished explorations. Nevertheless, it had not been the subject of a comprehensive study combining architectural analysis and investigation of funerary practices. The policy followed by the French expedition (MFTMP)-systematic architectural survey of a necropolis too often previously analyzed through the prism of a few hypogeas, emphasis on phasing, anthropological studies-made it possible to give a more global vision of the Plinthine necropolis than that provided by earlier studies: the dead are no longer absent and the necropolis reveals a history parallel to that of the Plinthine Hellenistic town.

Graffiti, dipinti, rock-inscriptions and other additions to walls and rocks are integral to the landscape and writing practices of ancient Egypt. This book focuses on the margins of traditional ancient Egyptian epigraphic corpora. It aims to provide an all-encompassing view of graffiti practices and corpora in ancient Egypt, ranging from predynastic rock art in the Eastern Desert, to hieratic inscriptions in Middle Egyptian tombs, and demotic signatures in Karnak temple. A range of specialists present primary data from three different environments-deserts, tombs, and temples-following common lines of inquiry that aim to look beyond their textual or iconographic content and address graffitis agency more closely. Accordingly, this book investigates the interplay between secondary inscriptions and images, the space in which they were embedded, and the audiences for whom they were intended. Despite the diversity inherent in the nature of graffiti, common paths and shared threads of discussion emerge once these inscriptions are considered as material objects and socio-cultural practices.

The study of historic foodways is as multifaceted and varied as food itself. The changes we see in food habits and choices over history reveal evolving social and political climates and help us envision our ancestors everyday lives and imagined afterlives. Food certainly played a role in funerary rites; it was offered to the dead, of course, but also shared at the grave among the living family members, symbolically bridging between this world and the next. Choosing the food was embedded in a series of traditions and norms; how it relates to what was actually eaten in associated settlements enables an understanding of its meaning. Feasts, whether for the dead or the living, were laden with political and social meaning. Fasting, although requiring abstention from certain foods, also involves the management-from sourcing and storing to cooking and eating-of the permitted foods, a key concern in contexts such as monasteries where fasting occurred. This collective work demonstrates the diversity of possible approaches to food. It presents the current state of research on the foodways of Egypt and Sudan and highlights the importance of further interdisciplinary collaboration for a "big picture" approach. It brings together 16 articles covering archaeology (in the broadest sense), theory, anthropology, language, ethnography, and architecture to illustrate food traditions and history in Egypt and Sudan from as early as the 4th millennium BC to the 20th century.

This book explores the position of the Dakhla and Kharga oases within Ottoman Egypt as well as the whole empire. It intends to contribute to the reflection on the characteristics and limits of Ottomanity as seen by the inhabitants of a region which, from Cairo, seemed remote and isolated. It is based on several sets of private archives, largely unpublished, supplemented by travelogues and by modern literature. Despite their remoteness from the Nile Valley and a unique environment, the Oases were integrated in the same administrative and judicial frame as the rest of Egypt. Taxation was specific as were the primarily agricultural resources. Because of the threat of Beduin raids, the Oases housed a large garrison. The book studies the impact of this military presence upon the Oasian society from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and the gradual erasure of Ottoman peculiarities, then of their memory during the nineteenth century.

The Qumran coins (hoard and single finds) are worthy of a novel. They were perfectly examined by H. Seyrig and A. Spijkerman, then the popular conviction spread that the coins had been lost. In fact, they were always kept where they had been classified. Now they are finally published and provide the possibility to suggest that Qumran was a very open centre for trade and transactions, at least from finally the end of the second century BC until the destruction of the site in 70/72 CE.This documentation provides a new reasoning on effective data not on assumptions.

From the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-204 BC), an extensive building and decoration programme is attested throughout Egypt, with a specific emphasis on the cult of Osiris and the child gods. The royal legitimation, in which Horus of Edfu and Amun of Thebes played a major role, was a further focal point. With the Theban revolt (206-186 BC), the royal support of the Egyptian temples stopped abruptly and was only resumed under Ptolemy VI Philometor. In the temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak, the Kiosk of Taharqa was a key contribution of the Kushite period (746-655 BC). Under Ptolemy IV, a major restoration campaign took place in the First Courtyard: the gate of the Second Pylon was rebuilt and the Kiosk substantially renovated. Its intercolumnar walls were remodelled and carved with ritual scenes of royal legitimation. The soubassement was decorated with a procession of nomes, received by the goddess Waset, and the column shafts and abaci were engraved with the royal names. In this book, the Kiosks Ptolemaic texts and iconographic decoration are presented and analysed. A global study of Philopators architectural activities places the Kiosk in the larger context of Karnak and beyond. In addition, a palaeographic study of the hieroglyphic texts is published.

Over the course of three centuries, Yale has been actively and seriously engaged in Near Eastern learning, in both senses of the term-training students in the knowledge and skills needed to understand the languages and civilizations of the region, and supporting generations of scholars renowned for their erudition and pathbreaking research. This book traces the history of these endeavors through extensive use of unpublished archival materials, including letters, diaries, and records of institutional decisions. Developments at Yale are set against the wider background of changing American attitudes toward the Near East, as well as evolving ideas about the role of the academy and its curriculum in educating undergraduate and graduate students. In the case of the Near East, this also involves considering how several of its disciplines made the transition from biblically motivated enterprises to secular fields of study. Yale has notable firsts to her credit: the first American professional program in Arabic and Sanskrit; the first American learned society and periodical devoted to Oriental subjects; the first American research institutes in Jerusalem and Baghdad; the first American university to have endowed funds to establish and curate one of the worlds largest collections of cuneiform tablets and cylinder seals. Yet at the same time, especially over the past half-century, Yale has found it challenging to deal administratively with a small humanities department whose standards and philosophy of teaching and learning seemed increasingly at odds with trends in the university as a whole. This book places these tensions in the context of Yales responses to post-World War 2 interest in the modern Middle East, the rise of government-supported "area studies," and the consequences of American military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Numerous illustrations, many of them previously unpublished and drawn from a wide range of source material, round out the portrait of three centuries of Near Eastern learning at Yale.

On a monetary basis, Magdala must be considered as one of the most important and active settlements between the 1st century BC and most of the 3rd century AD on Lake Kinneret, a place of production and trade, of supply for military forces, certainly in contact with other trading centres, probably located on the Mediterranean coast, however in a market perspective quite different from our current experience and even from the semantic content of this word, often abused with a semantic extension that does not correspond to the experience of the ancients. Its monetary decline started on the early 4th century, when the economic and monetary strategies of the Constantinian era shifted the flow of money to other routes, especially between the great port cities of the Mediterranean.The welcome contribution of Calleghers study derives from the new data published, which allows us to overcome "cliches" and a stereotypical view of both the archaeological site and the economy of the Upper Galilee.

Mais de 200 anos depois de sua extinção, a Real Fábrica de Ferro de Ipanema continua despertando o interesse científico. Pesquisadores, de diferentes especialidades, buscam compreender o que foi o em

This volume presents the results of the excavation of two cemeteries at the site of Vronda Kavousi in East Crete: the cemetery of tholos tombs belong to the Subminoan to Protogeometric periods (with some use in the eighth century B.C.) and the cemetery of enclosure graves with cremation burials belonging to the Late Geometric to Late Orientalizing periods. A discussion of individual graves (including the stratigraphy, architecture, human remains, faunal and botanical remains, pottery, and other finds) is followed by the analysis of the cremation process and human remains, the faunal and botanical remains, the pottery, the petrographic analysis of the pottery, the metals and other finds, the burial customs, and the history and society of the burying population. A study of the capacities of some of the pottery vessels and a metallurgical analysis of the iron objects appear in appendices.

Lucid, poetic and fascinating ALICE ROBERTSEngaging, authoritative and full of fascinating stories of the past RAY MEARSA gentle, personal and very readable book JULIA BLACKBURN AUTHOR OF TIME SONGA triumph!JAMES CANTON, AUTHOR OF THE OAK PAPERSI loved this book FRANCIS PRYOR On paths, roads, seas, in the air, and in space - there has never been so much human movement. In contrast we think of the past as static, frozen in time. But archaeologists have in fact always found evidence for humanitys irrepressible restlessness. Now, latest developments in science and archaeology are transforming this evidence and overturning how we understand the past movement of humankind. In this book, archaeologist Jim Leary traces the past 3.5 million years to reveal how people have always been moving, how travel has historically been enforced (or prohibited) by people with power, and how our forebears showed incredible bravery and ingenuity to journey across continents and oceans. With Leary to show the way, youll follow the footsteps of early hunter-gatherers preserved in mud, and tread ancient trackways hollowed by feet over time. Passing drovers, wayfarers and pilgrims, youll see who got to move, and how people moved. And youll go on long-distance journeys and migrations to see how movement has shaped our world.

The site of Deir el-Medina is unique in its particularly well-preserved archaeological remains, which represent an exceptional ensemble in Egypt (consisting of a village, a necropolis and a temple), and in the rich documentation that it has delivered across the millennia. The inhabitants of Deir el-Medina--artists as well as craftsmen--dug and decorated the hypogea of the sovereigns in the Valley of the Kings and Queens. They did not restrict the use of their talents to the only benefit of the sovereigns, but decorated, or had decorated by the most skilled amongst them, their own tombs and were buried with hundreds of cult objects and grave goods. The scribes kept archives, which constitute an incredible wealth of information for the history of the New Kingdom and the functioning of the royal sites. They also had literary interests, and some of them established libraries, which are considered among the richest of those that have survived. Walking around the site of Deir el-Medina and studying the paintings that adorn the walls of the rock tombs, the visitor will get to know the spirit of its occupants, their earthly ambitions, the religious and funerary universe of their conception of the afterlife and also the feasts of the multiple deities who composed the local pantheon. Coming upon the temple, built in the Ptolemaic period, comes as a perfect ending to this archaeological walk.

Archaeology isnt just for academics and television presenters its for everyone. And it is all around us. Get your boots on and explore Britains national and local archaeology sites for yourself with this revised and updated, easy-to-read, fully illustrated guide.Follow our islands history in this step-by-step introduction. Discover what life was like from the earliest days of human habitation right through to the world wars. Then get out to visit the best sites and see what features each era left behind for us to find and find out how to spot archaeology for yourself in the most surprising places.Be warned: you may never look at an empty field, a stone monument or an old building in the same way again!

Archaeology Outside the Box makes contemporary archaeology germane to the general public as well as to researchers in other disciplines. In thirty-one richly illustrated chapters, a wide variety of projects is presented by an international group of anthropologists, archaeologists, architects, and artists. These aim to broaden the applicability of archaeology by reflecting on archaeological remains in novel ways, or by addressing contemporary concerns with archaeological theory and research methods. Demonstrating the fascinating and pertinent nature of archaeology, the authors go far beyond its definition as a discipline that unearths objects of ancient material culture. Many chapters also provide arguments relevant to the soul-searching discussions currently taking place within archaeology worldwide and accelerated by the Black Lives Matter movement and the recent Covid-19 pandemic.