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Judith Williamson does not simply criticize advertisements on the grounds of dishonesty and exploitation, but examines in detail, through over a hundred illustrations, their undoubted attractiveness and appeal. The overt economic function of this appeal is to make us buy things. Its ideological function is to involve us as individuals in perpetuating the ideas which endorse the economic basis of our society. If economic conditions are the ones that make ideology necessary, it is ideology which makes those conditions seem necessary. In order to change society, the vicious circle of necessity and ideas must be broken. Decoding Advertisements is an attempt to forge, in our acceptance not only of the images and values of advertising, but of the transparent forms and structures in which they are embodied. It provides a set of tools which we can use to alter our own pereptions of one societys subtlest and most complex forms of propoganda.

In this political essay, Ivan Illich calls for the right to useful unemployment: a positive, constructive, and even optimistic concept dealing with that activity by which people are useful to themselves and others outside the production of commodities for the market.

In this fascinating and controversial collection of essays Ivan Illich, Irving K Zola, John McKnight, Jonathan Caplan and Harley Shaiken challenge the power and mystery of professions. Why do we put so much resource into medicine, education and the law with so little apparent result? Why do we hold the professions in awe and allow them to set up what are in effect monopolies? By analyzing these questions and putting forward radical answers, the authors make an invaluable contribution to the public debate on the power of professions.

Edna the Inebriate Woman was written when Jeremy Sandford, whose documentary Cathy Come Home had focused public attention on the plight of homeless families, decided to study the equally grave problems faced by Britains thousands of single homeless people. The author follows Edna on her continuous journey through town and country and shows us at first hand the shortcomings and sheer absurdities of a society whose response to Ednas predicament is insensitive, inappropriate and expensive. Sandfords own anger and impatience with our reluctance to help those who wander through the twilight world at the bottom of society is infectious.

Sandfords Cathy Come Home details the issue of homelessness and the life of a young woman in 1960s London as she moves from her own home, to council accomodation, and finally emergency accomodation for the homeless before being evicted and her children taken into care. It is a harrowing and emotive screenplay of the 60s television docu-drama which caused social upheaval upon its transmission and caused the homeless charity Shelter to be formed. Although often distressing to read, I cannot recommend this book highly enough as it truly will change the way you look at the issue. Perhaps the most tragic thing of all is the preface to the re-printed edition which discusses how the issue of homelessness is now worse today than it was when Sandford decided to document it with this amazing play.

Meu contacto, durante anos dezenas de anos, com a Topografia, quer na profissão, quer no magistério, motivou este livro de exercícios. Com a experiência adquirida como autor (Prática das Pequenas Con

Este livro trata da estrutura interna de plantas com sementes ainda existentes na atualidade. É dada ênfase às angiospermas, embora alguns dos caracteres dos órgãos vegetativos das gimnospermas també

A junkie without access to his stash is in a state of crisis. The "energy crisis that exists intermittently when the flow of fuel from unstable countries is cut off or threatened, is a crisis in the same sense. When such a crisis is perceived in the western sphere, there are normally two solutions proposed: Relieve our dependence on foreign fuels by developing "ecologically friendly energy extraction technology, or send an army to pacify the fuel-rich region in question. Both of these paths, seemingly at odds with each other, take as fundamentally true a certain proposition, that in no circumstances should we use less energy than we already use. In this conception, all human problems must be solved by the impressment of still more "energy slaves to meet the expanding demand of human masters. The two solutions consist of securing the current source of the drug, or finding a different, more secure pusher. In this essay, Illich examines the question of whether or not humans need any more energy than is their natural birthright. Along the way he gives a startling analysis of the marginal disutility of tools. After a certain point, that is, more energy gives negative returns. For example, moving around causes loss of time proportional to the amount of energy which is poured into the transport system, so that the speed of the fastest traveller correlates inversely to the equality as well as freedom of the median traveller.

A work of seminal importance, this book presents Ivan Illichs penetrating analysis of the industrial mode of production which characterises our contemporary world. The conviviality for which noted social philosopher Ivan Illich is arguing is one in which the individuals personal energies are under direct personal control and in which the use of tools is responsibly limited. This book claims out attention for the urgency of its appeal, the stunning clarity of its logic and the overwhelmingly human note that it sounds.

Na compilação deste livro, o autor seguiu a prática de construtor e professor universitário, e adotou os métodos de trabalho e as regras dos técnicos, que se distinguem na construção mecânica, quando

As a formidable critic of some of societys most cherished institutions, such as compulsory education and organised religion, Ivan Illich has attracted world attention. His commitment to a radical humanism against conventional institutions and esatablished ideas of social virtue make for compelling, and convincing, reading. This book brings together for the first time many of his lectures and articles bearing out Illichs invigorating challanges to the status quo.