Novedades del último mes en eBooks de Filosofía, Ética y moral

Estamos acostumbrados a ser testigos de violencias extremas, torturas, violaciones y humillaciones en todas las formas del arte. A menudo la crueldad allí desplegada se nos presenta como espectáculo o como propaganda de las ideas hegemonicas. Sin embargo, hay una crueldad que no satisface el morbo del espectador ni corteja sus valores, sino que lo confronta con sus hipocresias y sus miserias. Es etica en el sentido de que pretende una transformacion del lector, aunque tenga que agredirle para ello y atentar contra sus certidumbres, adentrandose en ambitos que rondan el tabu, como la violencia despiadada y el sexo desaforado. La etica de la crueldad, que recibio varios premios y ha sido traducida a diversos idiomas, defiende una literatura contraria a la cultura del espectaculo y a la asepsia posmoderna, una literatura que aborrece lo inocuo y lo complaciente. E ilustra su propuesta teorica con una original exploracion de novelas de Bataille, Canetti, Martin-Santos, McCarthy, Kristof, Onetti y Jelinek, autores crueles cada uno a su manera. Despues de leerlos, no se puede seguir viviendo como antes de hacerlo. Y lo mismo le sucedera a quien lea este ensayo, que ha sido revisado y ampliado por su autor para esta edicion.

La presente serie se basa en clases dictadas en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, entre los años 2009 y 2023, así como en la The John Robert Seeley Lecture Series dictada en la Universidad de Cambridge en mayo de 2022. La misma se propone poner al alcance de un publico no especializado la serie de desarrollos que han tenido lugar en las ultimas decadas en el campo de la historia intelectual, ofrecer un panorama de las distintas teorias y corrientes presentes en este campo disciplinar con el objeto de comprender como se transformaron en los años recientes nuestros modos de abordar los textos del pasado, apartandose de los marcos tradicionales de la "historia de ideas". Y tambien el tipo de problemas que estas teorias nos plantean; particularmente, en el momento de abordar la cuestion del cambio conceptual.Este primer volumen se enfoca en la figura de Quentin Skinner y la Escuela de Cambridge, la cual ha producido una transformacion fundamental en la historia politico-intelectual en el ambito anglosajon. Segun se muestra, su teoria "contextualista discursiva", asi como su enfoque en la dimension performativa del lenguaje, esto es, los usos del mismo, llevara a replantear la lectura de los textos clasicos de la historia del pensamiento proveyendo un mayor rigor historico y evitando asi incurrir en los anacronismos que eran corrientes en esta area de estudios.Elias J. Palti es doctor en historia de la Universidad de California en Berkeley. Realizo estudios postdoctorales en El Colegio de Mexico y la Universidad de Harvard. Se desempeño como docente en la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y como investigador del CONICET, y como profesor visitante en distintas instituciones academicas del mundo. Articulos suyos han aparecido en revistas especializadas y libros de 22 paises, en 6 distintos idiomas. Es miembro del comite editorial de Prismas. Revista de Historia Intelectual y el Journal of the History of Ideas. En 2009 recibio la Guggenheim Fellowship y en 2021 el premio "Pensamiento de America Leopoldo Zea", otorgado por el Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e Historia de la Organizacion de Estados Americanos (OEA), entre otras distinciones. Entre 2016 y 2022 se desempeño como director del Centro de Historia Intelectual de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y durante el periodo 2020-2021 como director de la Maestria en Historia Intelectual en la misma Universidad.

La serie se basa en clases dictadas en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y la Universidad de Cambridge, entre 2009 y 2023. Su objetivo es acercar al público no especializado los desarrollos recientes en historia intelectual, presentando teorias y corrientes que han transformado el estudio de los textos del pasado, mas alla del marco tradicional de la "historia de ideas". Tambien explora los problemas que surgen al abordar el cambio conceptual. Este segundo volumen se centra en Reinhart Koselleck y la Escuela Alemana de Historia de Conceptos (Begriffsgeschichte), que revoluciono la historia politico-intelectual en el ambito germano-parlante. Mas que trazar cambios en conceptos individuales, esta escuela los utiliza para analizar grandes estructuras conceptuales, especialmente el periodo Sattelzeit (1750-1850), origen de la modernidad. Koselleck estudia como se instaura un nuevo horizonte de sentido y una conciencia historica basada en la contingencia. Su obra abarca tambien la relacion entre historia conceptual e historia social, configurando una Historik, una teoria sobre las condiciones de posibilidad de la conciencia historica.Elias J. Palti es doctor en historia por la Universidad de California en Berkeley y realizo estudios postdoctorales en El Colegio de Mexico y la Universidad de Harvard. Ha sido docente en la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y la Universidad de Buenos Aires, investigador del CONICET y profesor visitante en diversas instituciones academicas internacionales. Sus articulos han sido publicados en revistas y libros de 23 paises en seis idiomas. Es miembro del comite editorial de Prismas. Revista de Historia Intelectual y del Journal of the History of Ideas. En 2009 recibio la Guggenheim Fellowship y en 2021 el premio "Pensamiento de America Leopoldo Zea" de la OEA, entre otras distinciones. Entre 2016 y 2022 dirigio el Centro de Historia Intelectual de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y, en 2020-2021, la Maestria en Historia Intelectual en la misma institucion.

"E se a liberdade que acreditamos possuir nunca estivesse onde imaginamos?E se grande parte da culpa, da raiva e do julgamento quecarregamos no viesse da vida, mas sim de uma ideia mal compreendida sobre as escolhas?Este livro nasce da sensaço de que algo no se encaixa direito namaneira como falamos sobre escolhas, merito e responsabilidade.A Inevitabilidade de Tudo parte de uma pergunta simples, quase incomoda, que raramente e levada ate o fim: o que, exatamente,acontece antes de voce acreditar que escolheu?Ao perseguir essa questo, o livro atravessa livre-arbitrio, culpa,responsabilidade, justiça, educaço, identidade e sofrimento nopara negar a experiencia humana, mas para desmontar as iluses quea tornam mais pesada do que precisa ser.Ao longo de suas paginas, o leitor e convidado a olhar para si,para os outros e para o mundo com menos confronto e mais clareza no para desistir de agir, mas para agir sem a violencia de exigir oimpossivel.E um convite para viver a vida com mais brandura, mais responsabilidade e menos iluso.E iluses raramente cedem sem atrito.Se ha uma promessa, ela e simples: no a de paz imediata, mas a declareza. E, as vezes, a clareza e a forma mais honesta de paz."

Mergulhe no mundo enigmático do Livro do Apocalipse, um texto envolto em mistério e visão profética, ao revelar a profunda tapeçaria do julgamento divino, esperança e resiliência humana. Esta explora

This profound treatise on ethics establishes the concept of the highest good for human beings, which Aristotle identifies as Eudaimonia, or flourishing happiness. He argues that virtue is a habit, a mean between the extremes of excess and deficiency, cultivated through practice and reason. The work explores the nature of friendship, pleasure, and the role of contemplation in achieving a well-lived life. It provides a practical guide to moral character, emphasizing that the goal of ethics is not just to know what is good, but to become good.

Immanuel Kant seeks to establish the supreme principle of morality, arguing that moral actions must be based on duty rather than consequences. He introduces the famous Categorical Imperative, creating a framework where rules must be universally applicable to all rational beings. The text dissects the concepts of good will, autonomy, and the kingdom of ends. It is a rigorous philosophical groundwork for ethical behavior and rational freedom.

Following his analysis of pure reason, Kant turns his attention to the moral agency of the human will. He argues that while we cannot know freedom or God through scientific reason, we must postulate them as necessary conditions for the moral law to exist. The text establishes the priority of practical reason in guiding human conduct towards the highest good. It is a cornerstone of modern ethical philosophy, asserting the absolute value of the moral law within.

This collection of ethical writings explores the nature of human character and the pursuit of the good life. It delves into the definition of virtues such as courage, temperance, and justice, examining how they contribute to personal fulfillment and social harmony. The text emphasizes the role of practical wisdom in making moral choices and the importance of habituation in developing a virtuous disposition. It serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the moral responsibilities of the individual.

Dryness, paleness, waking, sighing, despair, frenzy, death: loves repercussions can be dire indeed. Perhaps that is why Robert Burton devoted the largest part of his pioneering 17th-century psychological work, The Anatomy of Melancholy, to this supreme passion. Edited to offer the modern reader easier access to this classic text, this abridged version preserves all the fantastic variety of the original, as Burton knits together stories and quotations drawn from millennia of European literature in order to understand loves causes, consequences, and cures.We encounter gods and goddesses, ancient kings and queens, lascivious monks and pure-hearted shepherds, marriages happy and unhappy, allurements natural and unnatural, and, most importantly, many cures for love-melancholy, from the obvious to the arcane. Intricate yet commonsensical, learned yet earthy, and twinkling throughout with ironic warmth, Burtons masterpiece speaks to the deepest concerns of the human heart as well today as it did four centuries ago.

"The Ghost of Pleasure Why happiness vanishes the moment you try to catch it" explores the "Paradox of Hedonism." Philosophers from John Stuart Mill to Viktor Frankl have noted that happiness cannot be pursued directly. Like a butterfly, the more you chase it, the more it eludes you. It only lands on your shoulder when you are focused on something elselike a purpose, a relationship, or a task.Philosopher Nathaniel Cross explains why the modern obsession with "being happy" is making us miserable. When we make happiness a goal, we constantly monitor our mood ("Am I happy yet?"), which interrupts the very flow state that generates joy."The Ghost of Pleasure" advises readers to aim for meaning instead of mood. It is a guide to "oblique" living, teaching that satisfaction is the unintended side-effect of a life well-lived, not a destination you can navigate to directly.

"The Malice Myth Why people are usually clumsy not evil" is a practical guide to applying "Hanlons Razor": Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. We are biologically wired to detect threats, so when someone cuts us off in traffic or ignores an email, we assume they are out to get us. In reality, they are likely just distracted, tired, or incompetent.Philosopher Ian Calm explains how this "paranoid default" destroys relationships and increases stress. The book provides mental exercises to reframe negative interactions. By assuming "ignorance before evil," we de-escalate conflicts and detach our ego from the situation."The Malice Myth" is a tool for emotional freedom. It teaches readers that the world isnt plotting against them; the world is just messy. Understanding this doesnt excuse bad behavior, but it stops that behavior from ruining your day.

Socrates wakes in his prison cell to find his old friend Crito waiting with a plan for his escape and exile. The philosopher refuses to break the law, engaging in a personified dialogue with the "Laws of Athens" to explain his loyalty to the state. He argues that having benefited from the citys protection his whole life, he cannot now destroy its authority by fleeing the verdict. It is a rigorous examination of the social contract and the duty of the citizen.

Socrates stands before a jury of 501 Athenians, defending his life and his mission to question the wisdom of the powerful. He refuses to use emotional manipulation, instead using logic to prove that he has been a benefactor to the city by waking it from its stupor. The text portrays a man who fears wickedness more than death, famously claiming that a good man cannot be harmed by a bad one. It is a stirring testament to intellectual integrity and moral courage.

Kant argues that while theoretical reason cannot prove the existence of God or freedom, practical reason demands them as necessary postulates for moral action. He posits that the moral law within us is an undeniable fact that points towards a higher order of existence. The text explores the relationship between virtue and happiness, suggesting they can only be reconciled in an afterlife. It represents a shift from skepticism to a faith grounded in rational moral necessity.

Outside the courthouse where he awaits his own prosecution, Socrates engages a self-righteous prophet in a conversation about the nature of holiness. The dialogue systematically dismantles the idea that piety is simply doing what the gods love, leading to the famous Euthyphro dilemma that continues to challenge ethicists today. As definitions are proposed and rejected, the text exposes the fragility of dogmatic belief when subjected to rational scrutiny. It is a masterclass in the search for a universal definition amidst conflicting traditions.

The home of Callias becomes the setting for a dramatic showdown between Socrates and the most famous sophist of the age, Protagoras. The debate centers on the unity of the virtues and whether political skill can be taught, with the two thinkers frequently reversing their initial positions. Plato vividly dramatizes the clash between the long, eloquent speeches of the sophist and the short, incisive questions of the philosopher. The text offers a nuanced look at the relativism of the sophists and the Socratic equation of virtue with knowledge.

This work offers a variation on Aristotles ethical themes, focusing on the pursuit of the good and the role of virtue in a happy life. It examines the nature of voluntary action and moral responsibility, asking how we can be held accountable for our character. The text explores the relationship between wisdom and moral virtue, suggesting that knowing the good is intertwined with doing the good. It serves as a philosophical guide to the development of a noble and self-sufficient character.

This ethical treatise proposes that the ultimate goal of human life is "eudaimonia," a state of flourishing achieved through the active exercise of virtue. Aristotle argues that character is built through habit, finding the "golden mean" between the vices of excess and deficiency. The work covers a wide range of human experience, from the nature of voluntary action to the different types of friendship and the importance of intellectual contemplation. It is a practical guide to living a good life, grounded in reason and human nature.

A personagem Isadora, de Poder e Obsessão, não consegue viver muito tempo longe da sensação de controlar os outros. Movida pela necessidade de ter pessoas sob seu domínio, ela busca novas formas de e