eBooks de Historia antigua universal, página 23 de 43

The city on the Kerkenes Dag in the high plateau of central Turkey was a new Iron Age capital, very probably Pteria. Founded in the later seventh century BC, the city was put to the torch in the mid sixth century and then abandoned. Between 1999 and 2011 what we have called the Cappadocia Gate, one of the seven city gates that pierce the 7 km of strong stone defenses, was excavated in its entirety. This volume documents as fully as possible the results of those excavations. The location of the gate and its architecture are discussed and illustrated, with a chapter devoted to its partial restoration. Cultic installations within the gate structure include a built stepped monument with semi-iconic idol, an aniconic stela, and graffiti representing similar stones. Sculpture set up at the back of the gate comprised many fragments of a life-sized statue supported by a plinth bearing adorsed sphinxes carved in relief. The remains of two human victims of the destruction are examined, as are animal bones that perhaps provide evidence of meals consumed by builders of the gate. Pottery and other finds, including well-preserved iron door bands, are presented, as is an exceptional ornament of gold and electrum. A final chapter attempts to place these remarkable discoveries in a wider context. The gate plan and the cultic installations and sculpture set up inside the gate appear to be entirely Phrygian. Combined with evidence of Paleo-Phrygian inscription and graffiti already published (OIP 135), this volume sheds dramatic new and unexpected evidence for the power, wealth, and sophistication of an eastward expansion of Phrygia. The brief existence, hardly more than 100 years, together with the excellent stratigraphic context of the destruction level, provide an unparalleled window onto the first half of the sixth century BC on the Anatolian Plateau.

In "Curiosities of Olden Times," S. Baring-Gould embarks on a fascinating exploration of historical curiosities, cultural artifacts, and the peculiarities that shaped the lives of our ancestors. The book interweaves anecdotal narratives with scholarly analysis, presenting a tapestry of folklore, superstition, and historical oddities that illuminate the richness of bygone eras. Baring-GouldAos distinctive literary style blends meticulous research with engaging prose, making the past accessible and captivating to contemporary readers. His work reflects the burgeoning interest in folklore and regional history in the late 19th century, placing this volume within the broader context of Victorian intellectual curiosity. S. Baring-Gould was not only a prolific writer but also a noted antiquarian, theologian, and folklorist, whose diverse interests profoundly influenced his literary output. Raised in a family with a history of historical interest, Baring-Goulds fascination with the eccentricities of human culture and belief systems found fertile ground in this work. His extensive travels and research into rural legends enriched his storytelling, allowing him to draw unique connections between the past and present. "Curiosities of Olden Times" is an essential read for anyone interested in cultural history, folklore, or the quirks of human civilization. Baring-GouldAos masterful narrative style and insightful analysis invite readers to appreciate the subtleties of historical inquiry while stimulating curiosity about the worldAos rich tapestry of traditions and beliefs.

In Helen of Troy, Andrew Lang intricately weaves a narrative that revisits the myth of the legendary figure who sparked the Trojan War. Employing a poetic and lyrical style, Lang blends classical themes with a modern sensibility, offering readers an intricate portrayal of beauty, desire, and the catastrophic consequences of love. The book places Helen not merely as a passive icon of beauty but as a complex character, engaging with the cultural and historical contexts of Homers Iliad while innovatively expanding on the existing myths surrounding her. LangAos narrative reflects the literary tradition of the late 19th century, characterized by a revival of interest in classical literature and mythology, infused with Victorian sensibilities that interrogate the notions of heroism and honor. Andrew Lang (1844-1912), a Scottish poet, novelist, and anthropologist, was renowned for his contributions to folklore and literary studies. His extensive academic and creative background in various fields, including his fascination with mythological narratives, led him to explore HelenAos character. Langs diverse interests, from collecting fairy tales to studying ancient myths, provided him with a unique perspective in breathing new life into age-old stories, challenging readers to think critically about the roles of mythic figures in history. This captivating retelling is highly recommended for readers interested in classical literature and mythology, as well as those seeking a rich psychological and emotional exploration of one of antiquitys most iconic figures. Langs Helen of Troy not only entertains but also provokes thoughtful consideration of beauty and its ramifications, making it a profound addition to any literary collection.

This beautifully-presented book chronicles the coming and going of these peoples, their kings, heroes and saints, and way of life. Look out for more Pitkin Guides on the very best of British history,

In Germania, the Roman historian Tacitus presents a meticulous ethnographic study of the diverse tribes inhabiting the region that is now modern-day Germany. Written around AD 98, the text is characterized by its incisive prose and keen observations, blending historical narrative with ethnographic detail. Tacitus employs a comparative approach, juxtaposing the perceived virtues and vices of the Germanic tribes with those of Roman society, thereby reflecting on the broader themes of civilization, cultural integrity, and the moral decay of Rome itself. This work, steeped in the literary traditions of classical antiquity, serves as both a social commentary and a cautionary tale about the fate of societies ensnared by excess and corruption. Tacitus, a senator and a provincial governor, was deeply embedded in the political and cultural dynamics of the Roman Empire. His experiences as a public servant and his ties to the tumultuous events of his time informed his depictions of both Roman and barbaric societies. Tacituss rigorous skepticism and pursuit of truth resonate throughout Germania, revealing the authors complex understanding of identity, culture, and imperialism, as he critiques Romes waning influence by highlighting the strength and simplicity of the tribes beyond its borders. Germania is an essential read for anyone interested in ancient history, anthropology, and the formation of cultural identity. Tacituss unparalleled insight into the Germanic peoples not only enriches our understanding of the past but also prompts critical reflections on modern societal values and the perennial questions of cultural authenticity. This book is a profound exploration of the intersection between civilization and barbarism that remains relevant for contemporary readers.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In The Persian Wars, Herodotus constructs a masterful narrative that chronicles the epic confrontations between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century BCE. Employing a vivid prose style that blends historical account with anecdotal storytelling, Herodotus delves into not just military encounters but the cultural and sociopolitical contexts that shaped this monumental conflict. His work is often regarded as one of the earliest forms of historical writing, using a method that relies on both oral traditions and eyewitness accounts, providing a rich tapestry of perspectives that illuminate the events while reflecting on themes of power, freedom, and the human condition amid war. Herodotus, known as the Father of History, hailed from Halicarnassus and lived during a time where the oral tradition was predominant. His experiences as a traveler and keen observer of diverse cultures deeply influenced his perspective on the events he chronicles. The motivations behind the Persian Wars resonate through his text, as he seeks not only to document historical events but also to explore the moral and ethical implications of warfare, emphasizing the values of Greek identity and autonomy. This seminal work is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the foundations of Western historiography and the complexities of Greek-Persian relations. The Persian Wars offers a profound exploration of the human experience during a pivotal moment in history, making it a recommended read for scholars and casual readers alike.

The African War is a compelling anthology that brings together a range of narratives documenting the complex saga of Caesars African campaign. Blending tactical analysis with vivid historical retellings, this collection captures pivotal moments reflecting the intricacies of Roman military maneuvers and political diplomacy. The diversity of styles encompasses detailed military logistics, strategic dialogues, and personal observations, presenting a nuanced tapestry of one of the most significant series of events in ancient history. Standout narratives offer gripping portrayals of battle scenes, alongside reflective insights into the cultural and political implications of Roman expansionism. As a collective, these works offer a multifaceted perspective on the broader Roman worlds struggles and conquests. The anthology draws from the perspectives of notable figures such as Gaius Julius Caesar, Aulus Hirtius, and Gaius Oppius. Each contributes uniquely to the campaigns documentation, whether through direct participant accounts or curated narratives, offering a well-rounded depiction that resonates with the spirit of ancient Roman literature. Their works form part of a continuum of historical and military writings, reflecting the confluence of personal ambition and statecraft. This collaborative endeavor aligns with the historiographical tradition of dossier and commentary, enriching the readerAos grasp on ancient perceptions of warfare and governance. The African War is an indispensable resource for enthusiasts of classical history and military strategy. It offers readers an immersive journey through varying historical perspectives, encouraging a deeper understanding of ancient Romes geopolitical landscape. As the narratives unfold, readers are invited to engage in an intellectual dialogue with the past, exploring themes of power, legacy, and human conflict under a singular lens. The collection not only educates but also stimulates contemplation on the timeless nature of war and leadership, making it an essential addition to any scholarly reading list.

In "Conspiracy of Catiline," Gaius Sallustius Crispus, commonly known as Sallust, crafts a riveting narrative that explores the political and moral decay of late Republican Rome through the infamous conspiracy of Lucius Sergius Catilina. Written in a distinctive, terse style, Sallusts work employs a blend of rhetorical eloquence and incisive commentary, reflecting the turbulent political landscape of his time. He delves into themes of ambition, vice, and the fragility of the Republic as he scrutinizes the motives behind Catilines plot to overthrow the government, presenting historical figures as embodiments of corruption and integrity. Sallust, a contemporary of the events he recounts, was not only a historian but also an active politician, shaped by the chaotic era that saw the decline of Roman democratic ideals. His involvement in politics, coupled with his later embrace of a philosophical worldview, informs his examination of moral corruption, indicating his concern for the Republic he sought to preserve. His firsthand experiences, including a brief imprisonment and his subsequent retirement from political life, imbue his writing with urgency and depth. "Conspiracy of Catiline" is a compelling read for anyone interested in the intricacies of Roman history and the timeless themes of power and betrayal. Sallusts insightful analysis invites readers to reflect on the implications for modern governance and ethics, making this work essential for historians, political theorists, and general readers alike.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Chess History and Reminiscences is a book about the history if chess by English chess player Henry Bird. The authors goal is to trace the ancient origins of the game of chess, beginning with what is known from India, Persia and China. He tracks the changes that happened in the game of chess into the final modifications in the mid-15th century and surveys the rise of interest in chess in England and other parts of the world. The book provides a historical look at some of the earliest games notated.

Thucydides is widely seen as the most dispassionate and reliable contemporary source for the history of classical Sparta. But, compared with partisan authors such as Xenophon and Plutarch, his information on the subject is more scattered and implicit. Scholars in recent decades have made progress in teasing out the sense of Thucydides often lapidary remarks on Sparta. This book takes the process further. Its eight new studies by international specialists aim to reveal coherent structures both in Thucydidean thought and in Spartan reality.This volume is the second of a series in which the Classical Press of Wales applies to Spartan history the approach it is already using for the history of Romes revolutionary era: focusing in turn on each of the main sources on which historians depend, and analysing with a combination of historical and literary methods.

Cities are the largest "artifacts" investigated by archaeologists--entities that have been under academic scrutiny for a long time. Urban places are both physical and social agglomerations, fostering the most intense interaction of any human settlement. Archaeological evidence illustrates how ancient cities worldwide were similar in origin, development, and maturation, showing considerable isomorphism with modern cities. This book explores issues of definition and the essential elements of cities, offers a new heuristic typology of cities, and reviews case studies of six ancient cities (Copan, Great Zimbabwe, Gyeongju, Hierakonpolis, Rome, and Teotihuacan) with illustrative exercises at the end of each chapter. Cities have been characterized as "social reactors" working much like a star in creating an explosive increase in human connectivity. Urban planning, both ancient and modern, helps us understand the essence of this--the most exciting and vibrant product of the human tendency to nucleate.

Cities are the largest "artifacts" investigated by archaeologists--entities that have been under academic scrutiny for a long time. Urban places are both physical and social agglomerations, fostering the most intense interaction of any human settlement. Archaeological evidence illustrates how ancient cities worldwide were similar in origin, development, and maturation, showing considerable isomorphism with modern cities. This book explores issues of definition and the essential elements of cities, offers a new heuristic typology of cities, and reviews case studies of six ancient cities (Copan, Great Zimbabwe, Gyeongju, Hierakonpolis, Rome, and Teotihuacan) with illustrative exercises at the end of each chapter. Cities have been characterized as "social reactors" working much like a star in creating an explosive increase in human connectivity. Urban planning, both ancient and modern, helps us understand the essence of this--the most exciting and vibrant product of the human tendency to nucleate.

Max Dunckers The History of the Ancient Civilizations is a comprehensive examination of the rise and fall of the great civilizations of antiquity, from ancient Mesopotamia to the Roman Empire. Written in a meticulous and scholarly style, Duncker delves into the political, social, and cultural aspects of each civilization, providing a rich tapestry of historical insights. His narrative is both engaging and informative, making the book a valuable resource for students and enthusiasts of ancient history. Drawing on primary sources and the latest research, Dunckers work is a significant contribution to the study of the ancient world. Max Duncker, a respected historian and academic, brings his expertise to bear in The History of the Ancient Civilizations. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for uncovering the past, Duncker offers readers a compelling account of the defining moments of ancient history. His deep understanding of the subject matter and his ability to connect events across different civilizations make this book a must-read for anyone interested in the ancient world. I highly recommend The History of the Ancient Civilizations to history buffs, students, and scholars alike. Dunckers meticulous research and engaging prose make this book a valuable addition to any library, providing an in-depth exploration of the ancient world that will captivate readers from start to finish.

Xenophons The Historical Works of Xenophon is a collection of historical writings that provide valuable insights into ancient Greek history. Known for his clear and concise writing style, Xenophons narratives offer a vivid portrayal of events such as the expedition of Cyrus the Younger and the life of Spartan society. His works are considered significant contributions to the genre of historical literature, providing readers with a unique perspective on the political and social dynamics of the time. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and a contemporary of Plato, drew on his experiences as a soldier and adventurer to inform his historical writings. His firsthand accounts and meticulous attention to detail contribute to the authenticity and reliability of his work, making him a respected figure in the field of ancient historiography. I highly recommend The Historical Works of Xenophon to readers interested in ancient Greek history and historical literature. Xenophons narrative skill and insightful commentary make this collection a valuable resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the ancient world.

The Complete History of the Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath offers an unparalleled exploration of ancient historical narrative, capturing the intense dialectic of war and peace as experienced by classical Greece. The anthology weaves together the intricate accounts of Thucydides and Xenophon, presenting a comprehensive panorama of the Peloponnesian Wars complexity and its extended echoes through time. The variety in narrative stylefrom the meticulous, almost scientific inquiries of Thucydides to the more personalized and philosophical reflections of Xenophonprovides readers with a multifaceted understanding of classical military, political, and social dynamics, highlighting such standout discussions as the plague of Athens and the fall of democracy. The contributing historians are seminal figures in the study of classical antiquity. Thucydides, known for his critical approach and stringent analysis of causality, offers a stark contrast to Xenophon, whose works embody a more eclectic and arguably subjective perspective. By juxtaposing these historians, the collection not only spans across different phases of the war but also reflects significant shifts within Greek society and thought, underscoring key themes such as power, leadership, and ethical governance. This anthology is essential reading for anyone interested in the foundational texts of Western historical thought. It provides a rare opportunity to engage directly with the literary craftsmanship and intellectual rigor of two of antiquitys greatest historians. Readers will benefit from the depth of insight into ancient geopolitics and the ever-relevant dialogue on wars impact on humanity. Engaging with these texts allows for a deeper appreciation of how historical narrative shapes our understanding of the past and informs our present.

In The History of Peloponnesian War, readers are offered a profound compilation that explores the intricate dynamics of war, politics, and human nature through the ages. This anthology melds the careful analytical prose of Thucydides with the vivid, more personalized accounts of Xenophon, complemented by the historiographical expertise of J.B. Bury. The collection spans a variety of narrative styles, from the tactical to the theoretical, framed within the broader context of classical Greek literature and its subsequent interpretations across history. The standout pieces collectively provide a multi-dimensional perspective on one of ancient historys most significant conflicts. The contributing authors, each regarded as pillars in the study of ancient Greek history, bring a diversity of backgrounds to the anthology. Thucydides stern realism, Xenophons philosophical musings, and Burys historiographical clarity collectively highlight different facets of the Peloponnesian War while being steeped in the intellectual movements of their respective eras. This collaborative effort enriches the readers understanding of both the historical period and its wider implications. This anthology is a treasure trove for students of history, philosophy, and literature, inviting them to a confluence of historical narrative and analysis that stimulates a deeper understanding of the Peloponnesian War and its lasting impacts on civilization. Scholars and casual readers alike will benefit from the expansive viewpoints and enduring insights provided, fostering a rich dialogue between the epoch-defining works contained within.

The Life in Ancient Times, expertly curated by L. W. Yaggy and T. L. Haines, offers an illustrious exploration into the diverse practices, beliefs, and societal structures of ancient civilizations. This anthology spans a rich tapestry of literary styles, from insightful analytical essays to riveting narrative reenactments, providing a comprehensive view that highlights the complexities of historical cultures. The collection stands out for its depth and scope, encompassing areas seldom covered in traditional literature, such as the daily lives of ordinary people alongside the grandeur of ancient rulers and mythologies. The backgrounds of Yaggy and Haines, steeped in historical and cultural scholarship, serve as a foundation that enriches this anthologys contribution to understanding our ancient past. Their combined expertise ensures a compilation that is both accurate and engaging, aligning with significant cultural and historical studies movements. Their scholarly approach helps knit together disparate cultural narratives into a cohesive understanding of ancient human experiences, making the distant past accessible and relevant to contemporary readers. The Life in Ancient Times is recommended for anyone interested in the depths of ancient civilizations and their lasting impacts on modern society. This anthology presents a unique opportunity to explore a multitude of perspectives and historical contexts, encouraging a deeper appreciation of our shared human heritage. Readers will find both education and intrigue page after page, cementing the anthology as a valuable resource for both scholars and enthusiasts of history.

Xenophons Hellenica is a masterpiece of ancient Greek historical literature that delves into the intricacies of the Peloponnesian War and its aftermath. Written in a clear and concise style, the book provides insights into the political, military, and social dynamics of the time, offering a detailed account of key events and personalities. Xenophons narrative skillfully weaves together historical facts and personal observations, creating a vivid picture of the turbulent period. His attention to detail and impartiality in presenting various perspectives make Hellenica a valuable source for understanding ancient Greek history. As a continuation of Thucydides work, Xenophons account picks up where his predecessor left off, filling in the gaps and providing a comprehensive view of the period. Working as a mercenary, statesman, and philosopher, Xenophons diverse experiences shaped his perspective on the events he chronicles in Hellenica. His firsthand knowledge of warfare, politics, and society gives depth and credibility to his narrative, making it a compelling read for history enthusiasts and scholars alike.

Xenophons Complete Works is a comprehensive collection of the renowned ancient Greek authors literary contributions, spanning a wide range of genres including historical, philosophical, and biographical works. Known for his clear and straightforward prose, Xenophons writings provide valuable insights into the societal norms, political landscapes, and military practices of ancient Greece. His works often reflect the authors pragmatic and practical approach to life, making them engaging and accessible to readers of all backgrounds. The Complete Works offer a glimpse into Xenophons varied interests and showcase his versatility as a writer in the classical era. It is a must-read for those interested in ancient Greek literature and history. Xenophon, a contemporary of Socrates and student of Socrates philosophy, was a prominent figure in ancient Greece who participated in many historical events and military campaigns. His experiences as a soldier and leader greatly influenced his writing style and thematic choices, providing a unique perspective on the tumultuous times he lived in. Xenophons dedication to recording historical events and philosophical discussions for future generations solidifies his importance as a scholar and writer. I highly recommend Xenophons Complete Works to anyone interested in delving into the rich tapestry of ancient Greek literature and philosophy. Xenophons works offer a valuable window into the beliefs, practices, and intellectual pursuits of a bygone era, making them essential reading for scholars, students, and enthusiasts of classical studies.

Edward Bulwer-Lyttons The Rise and Fall of Athens is a captivating exploration of the history and culture of ancient Athens, focusing on its tumultuous journey from greatness to decline. The book is written in a compelling and eloquent prose style, reminiscent of Bulwer-Lyttons other works which often intertwine historical events with personal stories and philosophical reflections. Set against the backdrop of the Peloponnesian War and the rise of Macedon, the book provides a vivid portrayal of the political intrigue, social dynamics, and intellectual achievements that characterized ancient Athens. Bulwer-Lyttons meticulous attention to historical detail and his ability to breathe life into long-gone civilizations make this book a valuable resource for anyone interested in ancient history and classical literature. As an accomplished novelist, poet, and politician, Bulwer-Lyttons own experiences and interests in history and culture undoubtedly influenced his decision to delve into the fascinating tale of Athens. Through The Rise and Fall of Athens, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of power, ambition, and human nature that continue to shape societies to this day. Scholars, history enthusiasts, and anyone seeking to uncover the timeless lessons embedded in the annals of history will find this book both enlightening and thought-provoking.