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Beobachtungen uber das Gefuhl des Schonen und Erhabenen von Immanuel Kant - Immanuel Kant (* 22. April 1724 in Konigsberg, Konigreich Preuen; 12. Februar 1804 ebenda) war ein deutscher Philosoph der Aufklarung. Kant zahlt zu den bedeutendsten Vertretern der abendlandischen Philosophie. Sein Werk Kritik der reinen Vernunft kennzeichnet einen Wendepunkt in der Philosophiegeschichte und den Beginn der modernen Philosophie.Kant schuf eine neue, umfassende Perspektive in der Philosophie, welche die Diskussion bis ins 21. Jahrhundert mageblich beeinflusst.Dazu gehort nicht nur sein Einfluss auf die Erkenntnistheorie und Metaphysik mit der Kritik der reinen Vernunft, sondern auch auf die Ethik mit der Kritik der praktischen Vernunft und die Asthetik mit der Kritik der Urteilskraft. Zudem verfasste Kant bedeutende Schriften zur Religions-, Rechts- und Geschichtsphilosophie sowie Beitrage zur Astronomie und den Geowissenschaften.

Immanuel Kants "Critique of Practical Reason" serves as a foundational text in moral philosophy, elucidating his pivotal concepts of duty, moral law, and autonomy. Written in a rigorous and systematic style, this work extends the exploration initiated in his earlier "Critique of Pure Reason," bridging theoretical understanding with practical application. Kant articulates the necessity of a universal moral law grounded in reason, arguing for a categorical imperative that compels individuals to act according to maxims that could be legislated as universal law. Through meticulous analysis and dense argumentation, Kants literary form reflects Enlightenment ideals, fostering a discourse that elevates rationality as the essence of ethical principles. Immanuel Kant, a luminary of the Enlightenment, constructed his moral philosophy during a period rife with metaphysical speculation and burgeoning empirical science. His academic journey at the University of Konigsberg was marked by intellectual rigor and an unwavering commitment to reason, which propelled him to question the nature of human freedom and moral accountability. The "Critique of Practical Reason" not only builds upon his critical philosophy but also resonates with his life experiences in a rapidly changing world, where the quest for moral certainty became increasingly vital. I highly recommend "Critique of Practical Reason" to readers seeking a profound engagement with ethical reasoning and the role of human agency. Kants work challenges us to reconsider our moral responsibilities within the frameworks of rationality and autonomy, making it essential for students of philosophy and anyone invested in understanding the principles underpinning human behavior. His arguments continue to influence contemporary debates in ethics, reinforcing the timelessness of his insights and their applicability to modern moral dilemmas.

Immanuel Kants "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals" is a seminal text that lays the foundation for his moral philosophy. Through a methodical examination of moral concepts, Kant articulates the principles of a deontological ethical framework based on duty rather than consequences. His discussion introduces the pivotal concept of the Categorical Imperative, guiding moral actions through universalizability and respect for rational beings. Written in a clear yet rigorous literary style, this work situates itself within the Enlightenment discourse, emphasizing reason as the cornerstone of ethical behavior. Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher whose intellectual journey was shaped by the tumultuous period of Enlightenment thought. His quest for a rational basis for ethics arose from a deep dissatisfaction with both empiricism and dogmatic traditions. Living in a time when moral relativism was prevalent, Kants desire to establish universal moral laws reflects his profound engagement with the philosophical landscape of his day, influencing not only subsequent ethical theory but the broader spectrum of Western philosophy. "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals" is essential reading for anyone interested in the foundations of modern moral philosophy. It not only challenges readers to reflect on their own ethical convictions but also provides a framework for understanding contemporary debates in moral theory. Engaging with Kants text equips readers with crucial insights into the ongoing discourse surrounding morality, autonomy, and human dignity.

Immanuel Kants "Critique of Judgement" represents a pivotal exploration of aesthetics and teleology, forming a crucial part of his critical philosophy. This work, written in 1790, bridges the gap between the empirical inquiries of the "Critique of Pure Reason" and the moral imperatives of the "Critique of Practical Reason." Kant employs a meticulous analytical style, melding metaphysical inquiry with a profound examination of human experience, particularly in regard to beauty and sublime. He seeks to articulate the principles underlying aesthetic judgments and the experience of nature, asserting the significance of subjective feelings in the comprehension of universal concepts. Kant, a central figure in modern philosophy, draws on his background in metaphysics and epistemology to craft this text. Living in the Enlightenment era, Kants engagement with the prevalent ideas around human understanding and moral philosophy profoundly influenced his treatment of aesthetic judgment, posing significant questions about the role of the viewer and the object of beauty. His rigorous intellectual upbringing in Konigsberg, alongside his discussions with contemporaries, crystallized his belief in the interrelation of aesthetic experience and rational thought. For scholars, students, and lovers of philosophy alike, "Critique of Judgement" offers essential insights into the complexities of human perception and the foundations of aesthetic appreciation. Kants contemplative approach urges readers to reconsider not only the nature of beauty but also the implications of their own judgments within a broader philosophical context. It is a compelling read for anyone seeking to understand the intricate balance between subjective experience and objective principles.

In "Kants Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics," Immanuel Kant articulates a foundational inquiry into the nature, limitations, and possibilities of human knowledge. Framed as an accessible guide to his critical philosophy, this work seeks to address the essential question of how metaphysics can emerge as a legitimate science. Kant employs a rigorous yet precise literary style, enriched with systematic argumentation and clear exposition, which challenges existing metaphysical frameworks while seeking a common ground between empiricism and rationalism. This text serves as a precursor to his more extensive critiques, emphasizing the need for a critical examination of the faculties of human reason. Immanuel Kant, an eminent figure of the Enlightenment, wrote this work in response to the controversies surrounding metaphysics during his time, particularly the opposing schools of thought advocating for rationalism and empiricism. His revolutionary ideas on epistemology and ethics, alongside his grounding in mathematics and physics, provided him with a unique lens through which to analyze the metaphysical claims prevalent in philosophical discourse. His endeavor reflects both his intellectual heritage and his pioneering attempts to redefine the boundaries of philosophy. "Kants Prolegomena" is an essential read for anyone interested in the development of modern philosophy. It is invaluable for scholars, students, and general readers alike, as it not only clarifies Kants thought but also confronts fundamental questions that continue to resonate in contemporary philosophical inquiries. This text invites readers to reconsider the possibility of metaphysics as a meaningful enterprise, making it indispensable for a deeper understanding of Kants broader philosophical project.

Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklarung? von Immanuel Kant - Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklarung? ist ein Essay des Philosophen Immanuel Kant aus dem Jahr 1784. In diesem in der Dezember-Nummer der Berlinischen Monatsschrift veroffentlichten Beitrag ging Immanuel Kant auf die Frage des Pfarrers Johann Friedrich Zollner Was ist Aufklarung? ein, die ein Jahr zuvor in derselben Zeitung erschien. Kant lieferte in diesem Aufsatz seine bis heute klassische Definition der Aufklarung.In der Dezemberausgabe der Zeitschrift Berlinische Monatsschrift von 1783 veroffentlichte der Berliner Pfarrer Johann Friedrich Zollner den Artikel: Ist es rathsam, das Ehebundni nicht ferner durch die Religion zu sanciren? In einer Funote stellte er die provozierende Frage: Was ist Aufklarung?Zollner spielte mit der Frage auf die Tatsache an, dass es noch keine eindeutige Definition der Bewegung gab, obwohl diese schon seit Jahrzehnten bestand.

Human reason, in one sphere of its cognition, is called upon to consider questions, which it cannot decline, as they are presented by its own nature, but which it cannot answer, as they transcend every faculty of the mind.It falls into this difficulty without any fault of its own. It begins with principles, which cannot be dispensed with in the field of experience, and the truth and sufficiency of which are, at the same time, insured by experience. With these principles it rises, in obedience to the laws of its own nature, to ever higher and more remote conditions. But it quickly discovers that, in this way, its labours must remain ever incomplete, because new questions never cease to present themselves; and thus it finds itself compelled to have recourse to principles which transcend the region of experience, while they are regarded by common sense without distrust. It thus falls into confusion and contradictions, from which it conjectures the presence of latent errors, which, however, it is unable to discover, because the principles it employs, transcending the limits of experience, cannot be tested by that criterion. The arena of these endless contests is called Metaphysic.

Ancient Greek philosophy was divided into three sciences: physics, ethics, and logic. This division is perfectly suitable to the nature of the thing; and the only improvement that can be made in it is to add the principle on which it is based, so that we may both satisfy ourselves of its completeness, and also be able to determine correctly the necessary subdivisions. All rational knowledge is either material or formal: the former considers some object, the latter is concerned only with the form of the understanding and of the reason itself, and with the universal laws of thought in general without distinction of its objects. Formal philosophy is called logic. Material philosophy, however, has to do with determinate objects and the laws to which they are subject, is again twofold; for these laws are either laws of nature or of freedom. The science of the former is physics, that of the latter, ethics; they are also called natural philosophy and moral philosophy respectively.

The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kants three critiques, first published in 1788. It follows on from Kants Critique of Pure Reason and deals with his moral philosophy.

Más que de estética, en el sentido estricto de la palabra, este tratado explora asuntos diversos como la moral, la psicología, la descripción de los caracteres individuales y nacionales. Temas que pueden ocurrirse alrededor del asunto principal. Es una obra sencilla, llena de ingenio y alegria. Kant, ataca por primera vez el problema estetico, y aunque sus ideas fundamentales acerca del arte y la belleza se hallan sistematicamente expuestas en su obra posterior, la "Critica del Juicio", tienen aqui cierto interes para el conocimiento de los origenes de la estetica Kantiana. Esta obra esta plagada de delicadas ocurrencias, de certeras observaciones y de agudas criticas.

The Critique of Judgment, also known as the third Critique, is a 1790 philosophical work by Immanuel Kant. In it, Kant lays the foundations for modern aesthetics. In this, the first part of the book, the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment, Kant discusses the four possible "reflective judgments": the agreeable, the beautiful, the sublime, and the good. He makes it clear that these are the only four possible reflective judgments, as he relates them to the Table of Judgments from the Critique of Pure Reason.

This carefully crafted ebook: "THE THREE CRITIQUES: The Critique of Pure Reason, The Critique of Practical Reason & The Critique of Judgment" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. Kant here explains what he means by a critique of pure reason: "I do not mean by this a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience."The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kants three critiques and it deals with his moral philosophy. The second Critique exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Doctrine of Science.The Critique of Judgment, also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment completes the Critical project begun in the Critique of Pure Reason. The book is divided into two main sections: the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment, and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kants Critical system, arranged in its final form.Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.Table of Contents:THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASONTHE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASONTHE CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT

Primera contribución extensa a una historia filosófica de la filosofía, divisora de aguas epocales (entre Ilustración e Idealismo) y biográficas (entre la crítica y el -nunca logrado- sistema), esta obra postuma de Kant, aparecida al poco de su muerte, es clasica por su contenido y romantica por su forma y destino. Dedicada a la superacion de Leibniz y Wolf, encaminada a la justificacion historica del reinado perenne del criticismo y de la etapa a la que el apunta -la doctrina de la sabiduria-, Los progresos de la Metafisica quedo en estado fragmentario, dispersa en manuscritos de improbable reordenacion: respuesta inacabada al Tema del concurso de la Academia de Ciencias de Berlin para 1791, cuyo premio otros se llevaron, este torso es a la vez desesperado intenso de poder valladar al empuje combinado de dogmaticos, escepticos y amigos hipercriticos. Todos ellos tuvieron entonces su porcion de triunfo, ante el silencio obstinado de Kant. Pero mientras las obras de aquellos se han sumergido en el olvido, del que solo salen fugazmente como sombras del kantismo, los fragmentos aqui presentados siguen fulgurando con extraño vigor; esos fragmentos resultan memorables porque son brasas custodias del logos, de ese fuego que una vez -y para siempre- alento Heraclito a venerar

This carefully crafted ebook: "The Critique of Practical Reason: Theory of Moral Reasoning" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kants three critiques. It follows on from Kants Critique of Pure Reason and deals with his moral philosophy. The second Critique exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Doctrine of Science and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy.Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

This carefully crafted ebook: "The Critique of Pure Reason: Base Plan for Transcendental Philosophy" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy and marks a turning point and the beginning of modern philosophy. Also referred to as Kants "first critique," it was followed by the Critique of Practical Reason and by the Critique of Judgment. In the preface to the first edition, Kant explains what he means by a critique of pure reason: "I do not mean by this a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience."Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

This carefully crafted ebook: "The Critique of Judgment: Theory of the Aesthetic Judgment and Theory of the Teleological Judgment" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.The Critique of Judgment, also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment and more commonly referred to as the third Critique, is a philosophical work by Immanuel Kant. Critique of Judgment completes the Critical project begun in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason (the first and second Critiques, respectively). The book is divided into two main sections: the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment, and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kants Critical system, arranged in its final form. The end result of Kants Critical Project is that there are certain fundamental antinomies in human Reason, most particularly that there is a complete inability to favor on the one hand the argument that all behavior and thought is determined by external causes, and on the other that there is an actual "spontaneous" causal principle at work in human behavior.Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

Representa el momento más decisivo en el conjunto de la reflexión kantiana. La filosofía moral, afirma Kant, se encuentra siempre en una situación precaria. Su propia dignidad no le permite depender de la ideologia, que perpetua el estado de infantilidad moral del hombre, ni fundamentarse en la antropologia, que transforma la etica en un asunto de mera utilidad. El problema de una fundamentacion moral se convierte en el de la autofundamentacion racional de la misma. Que significa ser moral y por que se debe ser moral son los interrogantes decisivos alrededor de los que se vertebra una reflexion que, muy lejos de intentar una guia etica para el genero humano, le coloca ante su mas importante perplejidad: la moral consiste en la superacion del narcisismo del hombre preso en el utilitarismo etico. Se trata, en suma, de recuperar la dignidad racional del ser humano.

This carefully crafted ebook: "IMMANUEL KANT Premium Collection: Complete Critiques, Philosophical Works and Essays (Including Kants Inaugural Dissertation)" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.Table of Contents:Introduction:IMMANUEL KANT by Robert AdamsonKANTS INAUGURAL DISSERTATION OF 1770Three Critiques:THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASONTHE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASONTHE CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENTCritical Works:PRELOGOMENA TO ANY FUTURE METAPHYSICSFUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALSTHE METAPHYSICS OF MORALSPhilosophy of Law; or, The Science of RightThe Metaphysical Elements of EthicsPre-Critical Works and Essays:DREAMS OF A SPIRIT-SEERIDEA OF A UNIVERSAL HISTORY ON A COSMOPOLITICAL PLANPreface to THE METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATURAL SCIENCEPERPETUAL PEACE: A Philosophical EssayOF THE INJUSTICE OF COUNTERFEITING BOOKSCriticism:CRITICISM OF THE KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY by Arthur SchopenhauerImmanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

In "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals," Immanuel Kant presents a seminal exploration of moral philosophy, laying the foundation for his ethical theory. The text is structured as a rigorous philosophical inquiry into the nature of moral imperatives, emphasizing the concepts of duty and the categorical imperative. Kant employs a clear, systematic style that seeks to establish universal moral principles grounded in rationality, distinguishing between hypothetical and categorical imperatives, and advocating for autonomy in ethical decision-making. This work is pivotal within the broader context of Enlightenment thought, engaging with and countering contemporary moral philosophies while championing reason as the basis for moral law. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the eminent German philosopher, is a central figure in modern Western philosophy, influencing fields beyond ethics, including epistemology and metaphysics. His upbringing in a Pietist household instilled in him a profound sense of duty and ethical inquiry. Kants intellectual path was marked by a desire to reconcile empiricism and rationalism, leading him to examine the moral dimensions of human experience and the foundations of rational thought, ultimately culminating in the formulation of his ethical theories in this influential text. This book is essential for readers seeking to delve into the complexities of ethical philosophy. Kants meticulous reasoning and profound insights offer valuable tools for understanding moral dilemmas, while his call for universal moral laws resonates with contemporary philosophical discourse. "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals" is not merely a historical document, but a vital work that challenges readers to reflect on the nature of morality, autonomy, and responsibility in their own lives.