eBooks de filosofía, página 3 de 8

Como correlacionar o conhecimento dos chakras, sendo médico espírita e formado dentro de uma visão determinista, ao paradigma espiritualista oriental, com sua perspectiva transdimensional? Com base n

Beyond Good and Evil condenses Nietzsches mature assault on moral and metaphysical certitudes into taut aphorisms and brief polemics. Unmasking the "prejudices of philosophers," he shows how truth-claims cloak instincts and the will to power, advances perspectivism, and sketches free spirits and future philosophers who think beyond binary morals. Its quick, ironic, diagnosticians style situates the book at the pivot of late nineteenth-century thought, confronting positivism, German idealism, and the legacy of Christian conscience. A former Basel philologist, Nietzsche wrote amid illness, solitude, and itinerant years in the Alps and Italy, conditions that honed his ear for nuance and his suspicion of moral rhetoric. After Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885) and a break with Wagner, he pursued a cooler, more analytic register to prepare a revaluation of inherited values. Recommended to readers of philosophy, literature, and religious studies, this demanding volume clarifies debates about truth, agency, and morality while unsettling habitual certainties. Read with patience and a pencil: its barbed insights, audacious hypotheses, and exacting portraits of thinkers can reorient a curriculum and a life of thought.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

A dense, architectonic treatise, Leviathan offers an anatomy of the commonwealth, opening with an account of human psychologyendeavors and aversions, power, passionswithin a mechanistic philosophy; from this Hobbes derives the state of nature as war of every man against every man and the rational laws of nature culminating in the social contract and submission to an undivided sovereign, by institution or acquisition. Combining geometrical definitions with polemical eloquence and scriptural exegesis, Leviathan (1651) emerges from the intellectual ferment of the Scientific Revolution and the confessional strife of the English Civil War. Hobbes (15881679), educated at Oxford and long associated with the Cavendish household, absorbed the new mechanics via Galileo and corresponded amid the Parisian philosophical milieu. Witness to civil tumult and exile, he feared the corrosions of sectarian zeal and scholastic obscurity; these experiences, alongside his materialist psychology, drove his bid to secure peace through absolute sovereignty. This work rewards readers in political theory, law, history, and theology. Whether one seeks foundations for state authority, a sharp account of liberty as non-impediment, or a cautionary meditation on disorder, Leviathan remains indispensableprovocative, lucid, and unsettling in its insistence that security precedes all other goods.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Thus Spoke Zarathustra is Nietzsches audacious fusion of philosophy and prophetic drama, composed in four parts (18831885). In parablesthe tightrope walkers fall, the "three metamorphoses" from camel to lion to childand a quasi-biblical cadence, Zarathustra descends to proclaim the Ubermensch, will to power, and eternal recurrence. At once parody of scripture and hymn to self-overcoming, it confronts Europes fin-de-siecle value crisis after the "death of God," anticipating modernism and remaking the philosophical voice. Once a brilliant classical philologist at Basel, Nietzsche wrote amid illness, solitude, and itinerant Alpine winters after breaking with Wagner and Schopenhauers pessimism. The Sils-Maria insight of 1881 crystallized eternal recurrence; engagement with Greek tragedy, Heraclitus, and the pre-Socratics furnished a vocabulary of flux and affirmation. Zarathustra is the mask through which he dramatizes experiments in valuation while rejecting academic system-building. This book rewards readers who embrace its aphoristic leaps and musical refrains: read slowly, aloud, and cyclically, letting motifs return. Essential for students of philosophy, theology, and literature, it offers bracing resources for self-transformation amid cultural disorientation. Approach it not to receive doctrines, but to practice thinking otherwise.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

John Lockes Second Treatise of Government offers a lucid, juridical argument for political authority founded on natural law and consent. From a state of nature governed by reason, Locke derives a labor theory of property, the money convention, and limits on accumulation. He delineates fiduciary legislative power, executive prerogative, and a right of resistance, rebutting Filmers divine-right absolutism and shaping early liberal constitutionalism. An Oxford-trained physician and philosopher, Locke served Anthony Ashley Cooper, experienced exile in the Dutch Republic, and witnessed the Exclusion Crisis and the Glorious Revolution; the Two Treatises appeared anonymously in 1689. His administrative and colonial entanglements (e.g., the Carolina constitutions) informed chapters on property, conquest, and slavery, while his tolerationism and empiricism pressed against arbitrary rule. Scholars, lawyers, and citizens alike should read this Treatise for its elegant architecture and enduring theses on consent, property, and limited governmentand also critically, for its tensions over slavery and empire. As a foundation text of modern constitutionalism, it rewards close study alongside Hobbes, Filmer, and later republican and liberal thinkers.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Platos Republic is a dramatic Socratic dialogue that interrogates the nature of justice in the individual and the city, weaving dialectical argument with myth and images. Across ten books, Socrates and his interlocutors construct the kallipolis, governed by philosopher-kings, articulate the tripartite soul, and advance a rigorous program of education, including music, gymnastics, and mathematics. The analogies of the Sun and the Divided Line culminate in the Allegory of the Cave, situating politics within a metaphysics of Forms and a critique of poetry and mimesis. Composed in the early fourth century BCE, the work bears the imprint of Platos aristocratic Athenian upbringing, the trauma of the Peloponnesian War, and, above all, the execution of his teacher Socrates. As founder of the Academy, Plato seeks a curriculum for rulers, reshaping civic life through philosophical training and ethical discipline, against the perceived excesses of democratic and oligarchic regimes. Readers interested in political theory, moral psychology, education, or epistemology will find The Republic inexhaustible. Approach it patiently, attending to its dramatic form as well as its arguments; it rewards with a vision of civic order linked to the quest for truth, and a bracing challenge to our assumptions about freedom and culture.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Immanuel Kants The Critique of Pure Reason: Base Plan for Transcendental Philosophy outlines an architectonic program for delimiting human cognition. Through the Transcendental Aesthetic and Analytic, he argues that space and time are forms of intuition and that the categories ground synthetic a priori knowledge, culminating in the transcendental deduction. The Transcendental Dialectic unravels reasons illusionsparalogisms of the soul, antinomies of the world, and the ideal of Godsituating metaphysics within critique. The style is dense, technical, and systematic, bridging rationalist and empiricist legacies under a novel transcendental method. Kant, the Konigsberg philosopher shaped by Pietism and Newtonian science, wrote after Humes skepticism had famously awakened him from dogmatic slumber. Years of teaching logic, metaphysics, and natural philosophy sharpened his attention to the conditions of scientific knowledge. The 1781 A-edition and 1787 B-edition revisions display his effort to clarify the deduction and present a blueprint for a disciplined metaphysics. This book is indispensable for readers seeking a rigorous map of reasons powers and limits: students of epistemology and metaphysics, historians of ideas, and scientifically minded thinkers. Read slowly, perhaps alongside the Prolegomena or a glossary; the reward is a resilient framework for inquiry that continues to shape philosophical debate.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Meditations, a set of private notebooks in Greek, distills Stoic ethics into terse maxims, self-admonitions, and reflections on impermanence, duty, and cosmic order. Collected posthumously into twelve books, its fragments form a disciplined regimen of spiritual exercisesattention, causal analysis, and negative visualizationwithin the Greco-Roman hypomnemata tradition, in tacit dialogue with Epictetus and other imperial Stoics. Marcus Aurelius (121180 CE), emperor-philosopher, wrote amid wars on the Danube and the Antonine plague. Educated by Rusticus and other Stoic mentors, he turns power inward, using the notebook to recall exemplars, interrogate impulses, and convert the urgencies of rule into training for justice and steadinessoften, scholars believe, in encampments such as Carnuntum. Readers seeking practical philosophy, resilient leadership, or contemplative poise will find in Meditations both rigor and consolation. It can be read as a manual of character formation and as a rare voice of Roman Stoicism; it rewards slow, cyclical study, ideally across multiple translations. Return to it to refine attention, temper emotion, and renew civic-minded purpose.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

A reflexão filosófica é um exercício constante que cada pessoa deve realizar em seu cotidiano. A sociedade hodierna carece de pensadores capazes de mirar a realidade com uma criticidade maior, não se

First published in 1967, The Society of the Spectacle advances a critique of late capitalist modernity, arguing that social relations are mediated by images and commodities. Cast as 221 theses, its style is aphoristic and dialectical, fusing Marx, Hegel, and Lukacs with avantgarde tactics. Debord defines the spectacle as a social relation, restructuring perception, urban space, and desire. Situated on the eve of 1968, it weds Marxist theory to experimental prose and agitation. Guy Debord, a French theorist and filmmaker, cofounded the Situationist International after work with the Lettrists. Practices of derive, psychogeography, and detournement shaped both method and target: the commodification of everyday life. Years of militant editing, polemics, and montagebased films trained his terse, citationrich voice, while the rise of television, advertising, and spectacular urbanism supplied the empirical ground for these uncompromising theses. This book rewards readers of critical theory, media studies, and political philosophy seeking concepts for platform capitalism and algorithmic attention. Demanding yet lucid, it invites close reading, group discussion, and application to struggles over work, city life, and representation. Read alongside Debords later Comments and Situationist texts, it remains an indispensable guide to seeingand resistingthe spectacle.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

A Treatise of Human Nature proposes an empiricist science of mind, morals, and society. In three booksOf the Understanding, Of the Passions, and Of MoralsHume derives ideas from impressions, treats causation as custom, diagnoses the problem of induction, and advances a bundle theory of the self; he then explains pride, sympathy, and practical reasoning, and grounds justice, property, and promising as artificial virtues while marking the isought gap. Its rigorous, Newtonian style and vivid examples place it at the apex of British empiricism. Composed in his twenties while in France, notably at La Fleche, David Hume sought to be the "Newton of the moral sciences." Educated in Edinburgh and steeped in the Scottish Enlightenment, he fused classical learning with commercialage psychology and ancientmodern skepticism. Though the Treatise "fell deadborn from the press," he later recast portions in the Enquiries. Demanding yet rewarding, this volume suits readers in philosophy, cognitive science, law, and political theory. Read it in a reliable critical edition, with Humes Abstract and crossreference to the Enquiries; the result is a durable framework for belief, action, and social order. For anyone seeking modern empiricisms foundations and a lucid map of the minds limits, the Treatise is indispensable.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Reason, the Only Oracle of Man advances a robust program of natural religion in which unaided reason, observation, and moral sensenot miracle or ecclesiastical decreeground humanitys knowledge of God and duty. Allen dismantles claims to special revelation, exposes contradictions in Scripture, rejects predestination and priestcraft, and posits a rational, benevolent moral order discernible in nature. Written in an energetic, frontier-inflected Enlightenment prose, the treatise stands within transatlantic deism while anticipating later American debates over revelation and religious liberty. Ethan Allena Revolutionary War hero and leader of the Green Mountain Boysbrought to this work the temper of a self-educated iconoclast. His frontier republicanism, hard-won distrust of hierarchical authority, and immersion in Enlightenment freethought shaped his critique of clergy and creeds. Written in the early national period, the book channels Allens conviction that civic virtue and human happiness flourish when religion is accountable to reason. This volume rewards readers of intellectual history, theology, and American studies alike. Whether one shares its deism or not, Allens lucid provocations sharpen thinking about authority, conscience, and evidence. It is essential for understanding the radical edge of early American religion and the prehistory of secular liberalism.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

The Arthashastra is a comprehensive treatise on governance, economy, and war, organizing the science of polity into a rigorously systematized manual. Through sutra-like aphorisms and concise prose, it addresses kingship, law, taxation, urban management, agriculture, resource extraction, espionage networks, and diplomacy - from the Mandala theory of interstate relations to the Saptanga model of the state. Its unsentimental realpolitik (Dandaniti), tempered by welfare-minded statecraft, places it alongside Sun Tzu and, centuries later, Machiavelli. Attributed to Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta), the text is traditionally linked to the early Mauryan court and to the political consolidation of Chandragupta. Whether a single author or a school, its voice bears the stamp of a master teacher from the shastra tradition, trained in economics and law. Courtly intrigue, frontier security, and fiscal stabilization seem to have informed its empirical, case-based prescriptions. Readers of political theory, economic history, and strategic studies will find in this work a lucid grammar of statecraft - at once meticulous, morally probing, and startlingly modern. For policymakers and scholars alike, the Arthashastra rewards close study, both as a window onto classical India and as a practical repertoire for thinking about power, institutions, and prosperity.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Theism and Humanism distills Balfours 191415 Gifford Lectures into a polished case for theism grounded in the very conditions of knowledge and value. Rejecting naturalistic and positivist reductions, he argues that reasons trustworthiness, moral obligation, and aesthetic experience are not satisfactorily explained by blind evolution but are at home in a theistic universe. With urbane wit and forensic patience, Balfour revisits themes from his earlier Foundations of Belief, sharpening them into an Edwardian apologetic that moves nimbly between epistemology, ethics, and the philosophy of science. A statesman-philosopher and former British Prime Minister, Balfour brought to these lectures a lifelong engagement with philosophical doubt and social authority (from Defence of Philosophic Doubt to The Foundations of Belief), as well as a keen interest in scientific culture. Delivered amid the disillusionments of the Great War, his reflections bear the stamp of a cultivated intelligence seeking grounds for rational confidence and humane purpose beyond the flux of political contingency. This classic will reward readers of philosophy of religion, intellectual history, and anyone curious about whether human reason, morality, and beauty point beyond naturalism. Read it for its crisp arguments, historical poise, and its enduring challenge to a purely scientific humanism.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

On the Embassy to Gaius recounts Philo of Alexandrias mission to Caligula in 3940 CE amid Alexandrian violence and the threat to erect the emperors statue in the Jerusalem Temple. Blending eyewitness reportage with rhetorical polish, it is both travel narrative and indictment of tyranny, a companion to Against Flaccus. Drawing on Thucydides, Stoic and Platonic ethics, and biblical typology, Philo stages vivid audiences and court portraits to oppose imperial hubris to monotheistic piety. A Hellenistic Jewish philosopher and notable, Philo sought to harmonize Mosaic law with Greek philosophy through allegorical exegesis. As leader of Alexandrias Jews, he headed the delegation defending ancestral customs before the emperor. His rhetorical training, immersion in Greek paideia, and memory of the 38 CE pogrom shaped a work that is at once communal testimony and philosophical critique of autocratic caprice. Essential for classicists, historians of religion, and readers of Jewish studies, this book illuminates imperial ideology, the ruler cult, and the negotiation of minority rights in the early empire. Its supple, dignified prose offers historical detail and a bracing meditation on conscience versus power. Read it to grasp how a diasporic community articulated piety and law before the most capricious of emperors.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Meditations of Marcus Aurelius is the Roman emperors private notebook, twelve books of reflections composed during campaigns in the second century CE. Aphoristic, fragmentary, and austere, it stages Stoic exercises rather than systematic doctrine: rehearsals of impermanence, assent, and the dichotomy of control; reminders of duty to the cosmopolis and of living according to nature and logos. In dialogue with Epictetus and tinged with Heraclitean flux, its rhetoric is spare and unsparing of imperial vanity. Ruling from 161 to 180, Marcus wrote not for an audience but for himself, often at Carnuntum on the Danube amid the Marcomannic wars and Antonine Plague. Trained by Junius Rusticus, with Epictetus as guide, and schooled in rhetoric by Fronto and philosophy by Apollonius, he preferred Greek for moral clarity. The burdens of command, illness, and mortality pressed him toward a regimen of reminders, cultivating steadiness, gratitude, and humane governance. Readers seeking practical wisdom, leadership ethics, or resilient habits will find this a lucid companion. Read slowly, in short passages, and return often; the meditative cadence rewards repetition. Whether approached in translation or in Greek, its disciplined counsel remains bracing, humane, and deeply usable for anyone navigating change, responsibility, and the ordinariness of suffering.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

In The Essence of Christianity (1841), Feuerbach argues that theology is anthropology: the predicates of God are idealized projections of human powers. With lucid, unsentimental prose and a tactic of inverting subject and predicate, he dissects divine attributes and doctrinesTrinity, Incarnation, Eucharistto show how love, reason, and will are alienated from their human source. Situated in post-Hegelian debates, he replaces speculative idealism with sensuous humanism grounded in feeling and communal need. Ludwig Feuerbach (18041872), a German philosopher trained in theology and a onetime student of Hegel, turned to independent scholarship after heterodox writings foreclosed an academic post. Working among the Young Hegelians and shaped by Enlightenment rationalism and Protestant culture, he redirected philosophy from metaphysics to anthropology, guided by historical criticism and a conviction that sensuous life and ordinary affect are the proper starting points of thought. Students of philosophy of religion, theology, and cultural theory will find this classic both clarifying and provocative. Read it for crystalline arguments, humane emphasis on love and reason, and a powerful genealogy of belief that prefigures later critiques while remaining accessible and bracing.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

The Phenomenology of Mind traces consciousness from sense-certainty to absolute knowing through a sequence of self-correcting shapes. In dense, dialectical prose that is at once analytic and dramatic, Hegel develops themes of perception, self-consciousness, desire, recognition, the masterbondsman relation, reason, ethical life, religion, and science. Composed within post-Kantian German Idealism and after the French Revolution, it both inherits and overturns Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, narrating spirits education by experience and the logic of negation and sublation. Born in Stuttgart and trained in theology at Tubingen alongside Holderlin and Schelling, Hegel taught in Jena as Napoleons armies marched through. The upheavals of his era, together with sustained engagement with classical philosophy and Kantian critique, inform his ambition to ground a systematic science of spirit. The Phenomenology serves as the portal to that system. Readers in philosophy, literary theory, political thought, and theology will find this work indispensable for understanding modernitys self-understanding. Demanding yet inexhaustible, it rewards slow study, ideally alongside a reliable commentary, for those seeking to grasp recognition, freedom, and historical rationality at their speculative source.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

Time and Free Will argues that lived time (durée) is a qualitative flow, not the homogeneous, spatialized time of mechanics. Through analyses of intensity, the interpenetration of mental states, and the famous melody example, Bergson critiques psychophysics arithmetic of the mind and the determinism it supports. In lucid, image-rich prose, the essay straddles psychology and metaphysics, opposing late nineteenthcentury positivism and associationism while inaugurating a distinct method of intuition. Henri Bergson (18591941), trained in mathematics at the Ecole Normale Superieure and shaped by Ravaisson and Boutroux, submitted this study as part of his 1889 doctoral theses. Dissatisfied with how calculus and physics spatialize time, and informed by close reading of psychophysics and British empiricism, he sought the immediate data of consciousness. These concerns anticipate his later accounts of memory and creative evolution, which would earn him the 1927 Nobel Prize. Recommended to readers probing freedom, agency, and temporalityfrom philosophers of mind and phenomenologists to psychologists wary of reductionismthis classic equips them with a precise vocabulary and vivid examples. Clear yet conceptually daring, it remains a compelling point of departure for rethinking what it means to live in time.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.

G. K. Chestertons Saint Francis of Assisi is not a ledger of facts but a luminous interpretive life, weaving history, theology, and wit. From the public renunciation before the bishop to lepercare, the Canticle of the Creatures, the founding of the Friars Minor, and the audience with the Sultan, Francis emerges as joy made credible. The prose is brisk and baroque, studded with paradox that opposes both Victorian sentimentality and modern utilitarianism. Written amid renewed interest in medieval spirituality, the book recasts sanctity as radical gratitude toward creation. A journalist, poet, and polemicist, Chesterton wrote the book in 1923, scarcely a year after his reception into the Catholic Church. His conversion, distributist social thought, and long critique of materialism supply the lens: Francis appears as a joyous rebel restoring proportion to the world. Imagination over archive, he crafts a theological psychology. Students of literary biography, Christian spirituality, and cultural criticism will find this bracing. Newcomers gain an accessible doorway to medieval holiness; seasoned readers will relish Chestertons audacity. For those seeking a humanely joyful alternative to cynicism, this book offers freedom rooted in gratitude.Quickie Classics summarizes timeless works with precision, preserving the authors voice and keeping the prose clear, fast, and readabledistilled, never diluted. Enriched Edition extras: Introduction · Synopsis · Historical Context · Author Biography · Brief Analysis · 4 Reflection Q&As · Editorial Footnotes.