Sigmund Freud, página 9 de 26

United by the theme of love, the writings in the Great Loves series span over two thousand years and vastly different worlds. Readers will be transported to different places and introduced to love's endlessly fascinating possibilities and varied forms: romantic love, platonic love, erotic love, gay love, virginal love, adulterous love, parental love, filial love, nostalgic love, unrequited love, illicit love, not to mention lost love, twisted and obsessional love…

The contrast between Individual Psychology and Social or Group Psychology, which at a first glance may seem to be full of significance, loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely. It is true that Individual Psychology is concerned with the individual man and explores the paths by which he seeks to find satisfaction for his instincts; but only rarely and under certain exceptional conditions is Individual Psychology in a position to disregard the relations of this individual to others. In the individuals mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent, and so from the very first Individual Psychology is at the same time Social Psychology as wellin this extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words. The relations of an individual to his parents and to his brothers and sisters, to the object of his love, and to his physicianin fact all the relations which have hitherto been the chief subject of psycho-analytic researchmay claim to be considered as social phenomena; and in this respect they may be contrasted with certain other processes, described by us as narcissistic, in which the satisfaction of the instincts is partially or totally withdrawn from the influence of other people. The contrast between social and narcissisticBleuler would perhaps call them autisticmental acts therefore falls wholly within the domain of Individual Psychology, and is not well calculated to differentiate it from a Social or Group Psychology.

THE best preface to this journal written by a young girl belonging to the upper middle class is a letter by Sigmund Freud dated April 27, 1915, a letter wherein the distinguished Viennese psychologist testifies to the permanent value of the document: This diary is a gem. Never before, I believe, has anything been written enabling us to see so clearly into the soul of a young girl, belonging to our social and cultural stratum, during the years of puberal development. We are shown how the sentiments pass from the simple egoism of childhood to attain maturity; how the relationships to parents and other members of the family first shape themselves, and how they gradually become more serious and more intimate; how friendships are formed and broken. We are shown the dawn of love, feeling out towards its first objects. Above all, we are shown how the mystery of the sexual life first presses itself vaguely on the attention, and then takes entire possession of the growing intelligence, so that the child suffers under the load of secret knowledge but gradually becomes enabled to shoulder the burden. Of all these things we have a description at once so charming, so serious, and so artless, that it cannot fail to be of supreme interest to educationists and psychologists."

WHEN one reviews the history of psychoanalysis one finds that it had its inception in the study of morbid mental states. Beginning with the observation of hysteria and the other neuroses Professor Freud gradually extended his investigations to normal psychology and evolved new concepts and new methods of study. The neurotic symptoms were no longer imaginary troubles the nature of which one could not grasp, but were conceived as mental and emotional maladjustments to ones environment. The stamp of degeneracy impressed upon neurotics by other schools of medicine was altogether eradicated. Deeper investigation showed conclusively that a person might become neurotic if subjected to certain environments, and that there was no definite dividing line between normal and abnormal. The hysterical symptoms, obsessions, doubts, phobias, as well as hallucinations of the insane, show the same mechanisms as those similar psychic structures which one constantly encounters in normal persons in the form of mistakes in talking, reading, writing, forgetting, dreams and wit. The dream, always highly valued by the populace, and as much despised by the educated classes, has a definite structure and meaning when subjected to analysis. Professor Freuds monumental work, The Interpretation of Dreams, marked a new epoch in the history of mental science. One might use the same words in reference to his profound analysis of wit.

WHEN psychoanalytic investigation, which usually contents itself with frail human material, approaches the great personages of humanity, it is not impelled to it by motives which are often attributed to it by laymen. It does not strive "to blacken the radiant and to drag the sublime into the mire"; it finds no satisfaction in diminishing the distance between the perfection of the great and the inadequacy of the ordinary objects. But it cannot help finding that everything is worthy of understanding that can be perceived through those prototypes, and it also believes that none is so big as to be ashamed of being subject to the laws which control the normal and morbid actions with the same strictness. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was admired even by his contemporaries as one of the greatest men of the Italian Renaissance, still even then he appeared as mysterious to them as he now appears to us. An all-sided genius, "whose form can only be divined but never deeply fathomed," he exerted the most decisive influence on his time as an artist; and it remained to us to recognize his greatness as a naturalist which was united in him with the artist.

The somewhat famous "Three Essays," which Dr. Brill is here bringing to the attention of an English-reading public, occupybrief as they arean important position among the achievements of their author, a great investigator and pioneer in an important line. It is not claimed that the facts here gathered are altogether new. The subject of the sexual instinct and its aberrations has long been before the scientific world and the names of many effective toilers in this vast field are known to every student. When one passes beyond the strict domains of science and considers what is reported of the sexual life in folkways and art-lore and the history of primitive culture and in romance, the sources of information are immense. Freud has made considerable additions to this stock of knowledge, but he has done also something of far greater consequence than this. He has worked out, with incredible penetration, the part which this instinct plays in every phase of human life and in the development of human character, and has been able to establish on a firm footing the remarkable thesis that psychoneurotic illnesses never occur with a perfectly normal sexual life. Other sorts of emotions contribute to the result, but some aberration of the sexual life is always present, as the cause of especially insistent emotions and repressions.

In this selection of her fathers writings, Anna Freud has included, in a single volume, the essential, irreducible elements of psycho-analysis. She begins with the most appropriate of Freuds own introductory essays, The Question of Lay Analysis, and follows the sequence of themes that he adopted: the meaning of dreams, the concept of the unconscious, instinctual and sexual life, the structure of the personality, defense mechanisms and symptom-formation. The result is a coherent and authoritative guide to psycho-analysis.

« La diferenciación de lo psíquico en consciente e inconsciente es la premisa fundamental del psicoanálisis. Le permite, en efecto, llegar a la inteligencia de los procesos patológicos de la vida aní

Eva Brabant, Ernst Falzeder y Patrizia Giampieri-Deutsch, editores. En este volumen destaca la extensión de la vida privada de Ferenczi, concretamente un asunto que ya empezó en 1911: la relación triangular entre el, su amante Gizella Palos y Elma, la hija de esta y paciente de Ferenczi. Ya la primera carta situa al lector en medio del conflicto: fracasa el proyecto de matrimonio con Elma, y Ferenczi urge a Freud a encargarse del analisis de Elma: aunque no le entusiasma, Freud acepta. La vida privada de Freud es, al menos hacia fuera, mucho menos dramatica que la de Ferenczi. Su trabajo y su vida familiar transcurren por carriles rutinarios, y sus apreciadas vacaciones de verano las suele dedicar a viajes y a curas en Karlsbad y Marienbad. Durante el periodo aqui referido, Freud y Ferenczi emprenden cuatro viajes juntos.

The tormenting of the body by the troubled mind, hysteria is among the most pervasive of human disorders - yet at the same time it is the most elusive. Freud's recognition that hysteria stemmed from traumas in the patient's past transformed the way we think about sexuality. Studies in Hysteria is one of the founding texts of psychoanalysis, revolutionizing our understanding of love, desire and the human psyche. As full of compassionate human interest as of scientific insight, these case histories are also remarkable, revelatory works of literature.

La Histeria fue la primera gran obra que publicó Sigmund Freud. Dividida en tres partes, la primera incluye un trabajo introductorio sobre el mecanismo psíquico de los fenómenos histéricos, la segunda reproduce cuatro historiales clinicos y la ultima realiza una generalizacion teorica del metodo terapeutico desarrollado por Freud y J. Breuer para el tratamiento de las perturbaciones histericas.

El largo ensayo de Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) sobre MOISÉS Y LA RELIGIÓN MONOTEÍSTA fue comenzado en vísperas del «Anschluss» de la indefensa Austria por Hitler y concluido en el destierro londinense.