📱 eBook en inglés ROUTES OF DEFIANCE

Economic sanctions aim to isolate and weaken nations—but they often fuel the very networks they seek to destroy. When Sanctions Backfire: Smuggling Networks and Workarounds unveils how embargoes and trade restrictions give rise to resilient underground economies that connect states, smugglers, and corporations in unexpected ways. From wartime supply runs to modern energy bypasses, this book traces how necessity breeds innovation and defiance in the face of control. Combining historical case studies and contemporary analysis, it reveals a hidden world where black markets become lifelines, and illicit trade reshapes global alliances in the shadow of official policy.