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Education in Britain can be traced back to Roman times, but it was not until Victorian times that provision was made in England and Wales for every child to have an elementary school place, whatever their background.After new buildings were constructed and changes made in educational administration, British schooling saw a revolution. Literacy rates soared, taking over from the limited success of Sunday Schools previously. This colourful and entertaining guide traces the development of schools in Britain in the 19th century, from the initial religious intervention in education to state intervention later on.What was a pupils day like in a Victorian school? How did teachers discipline children? Was schooling different for girls? Learn all about the school day, public schools and even the buildings children attended in this guide filled with contemporary photographs of students, teachers and their lives.Look out for more Pitking guides on social history and heritage, and the Life in series this title is a part of.

Our nation is a treasury of outstanding palaces and fine merchant houses from this rich period in our past. The Tudor period is one that feels familiar to many of us with famous monarchs such as Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, but we perhaps are not as familiar with the everyday life of the era.Here we uncover what these remarkable buildings can tell us about Tudor lives and times. Alison Sims guide explores noble to ordinary households, how Tudors cared for their homes, and their daily routines including diet, health and entertainment.This is an informative and entertaining look at the daily reality of life in the Tudor period, from the wealthiest families to the humblest of households. Colour photographs of palaces and homes, accompanied by contemporary portraits and woodcuts give a fascinating insight into the everyday life of the Tudors.Contains a list of related places to visit, including many National Trust properties, and a glossary of key terms used within the guide.

Manchester United is acknowledged as the biggest club in the world with the largest number of fans, one of the best known stadiums in Old Trafford, and a roster of legendary players that includes four of the greatest of all time in George Best, Sir Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and Cristiano Ronaldo. It also had the greatest British manager of all time in Sir Alex Ferguson whose tally of 38 trophies included 13 Premier League titles and two Champions League crowns.This fully-illustrated A to Z includes all the great players from Duncan Edwards and the Busby Babes through to Ryan Giggs, the clubs longest serving player, and Wayne Rooney, the all-time leading scorer and the only player to have scored 250 goals for the Reds. The book also recalls the tragedy of the Munich air disaster in which 23 people lost their lives including eight first team players and the triumphs of the clubs first European Cup win at Wembley in 1968 and the Treble of 1999 in which they won the Premier League, the FA Cup and the Champions League.

Stunning watercolour title new in paperback. Leading watercolourist reveals the secrets behind his atmospheric, light-filled paintings. Watercolour is ideal for capturing the transient effects of light and, with compact and lightweight materials, is the perfect medium for plein-air painting. Leading watercolour painter David Curtis is a strong advocate of working on site, observing and capturing changing conditions and effects. In this beautifully illustrated book, he explains in detail his two main methods for working on location for quick, loose studies and for more controlled and detailed paintings. He also shows how to collect reference material on the spot and develop this into resolved paintings back at the studio. He provides helpful instruction on interpreting light effects, with strong guidance on choosing materials, exploring techniques, composition, tone and colour and associated topics. This invaluable advice is complemented by a wealth of sketches, finished works and step-by-step demonstration paintings to illustrate different points and inspire further ideas. Reference Light and Mood in Watercolour hardback (9780713489552) Leading watercolourist reveals the secrets behind his light-filled paintings How to work en plein air to capture the transient effects of light How to collect reference material on location but paint in the studio Bestselling title new in paperback

Kenneth Roys panorama of post-war Scottish life begins with the VE night celebrations in the spring of 1945 and ends with the coming onstream of North Sea oil in the autumn of 1975. It was the formative period in the making of modern Scotland, but it is a period little explored in depth and not fully understood until now. Using a wealth of contemporary accounts, the book tells a complex and often disturbing story of a country riven by poverty, struggling for a sense of its own identity, and ill-served by its masters. The Invisible Spirit is unsparing in its examination of the failings of the Scottish establishment. It delivers a stinging indictment of political complacency and judicial incompetence and shows that, too often, the interests of Scotland and its people were betrayed. It exposes how, time and again, the truth was covered up in order to protect the powerful and how the press acquiescently accepted a far from reliable official version of events. The book is also, however, the story of ordinary lives, the aspirations, the hardships and the achievements of the Scots themselves. Richly varied in mood from the controversial to the amusing, The Invisible Spirit is both entertaining and compelling. It provides a unique perspective on Scotland at a turning point in its long history.

"She is the most wonderfully inventive and brilliantly talented designer" Dame Judi Dench on Clancy.Deirdre Clancy is one of the most experienced and accomplished costume designers in the business. In this book, she gives her inside knowledge of designing for stage and screen, which includes television, film, theatre and opera. She includes a brief illustrated history of costume design from the Greeks to Lady Gaga an invaluable guide for students and current designers.Part Two takes the reader through the design process: how you go about doing it, and the different strands of costume design from contemporary clothes through to period costume, how to communicate with the audience, designing on paper and with Photoshop or on an iPad and how to share and communicate your ideas and well as mood boards and collages for inspiration. Part Three is about the world of costume design what it involves and how to get into the field, who does what and the differences between working for stage and screen productions. Clancy advises on budgets and improvisation and covers all the practicalities and behind-the-scenes tips. Part Four looks at period costume from the Dark Ages up to the twentieth century, encompassing authenticity and feasibility. Finally, Part Five looks at individual case studies in depth, including opera and Shakespeare productions.Packed with great drawings and case studies, this is an essential book for any student or professional costume designer looking for additional inside advice. Whether you are a designer for the stage or screen, this book has something new for you with advice from one of the best in the business.

Life in Ancient Britain journeys through the ancient worlds of our ancestors: how they lived, how they shaped the landscape we know today, and how we know what we do, about their achievements. This guide offers a concise and lively introduction to the prehistory of the British Isles covering the period from around 500,000 years ago when Palaeolithic hunters camped at Boxgrove in West Sussex, through the later Middle and New Stone Ages, and on to the Bronze Age and the start of the Iron Age. It describes how people first came to settle in Britain, and explores the rich mysteries of atmospheric ceremonial meeting places, barrows and stone circles. Also featured is the coming of the age of metals, when warrior-farmers created hilltop forts and settlements, stone brochs and lakeside villages indeed the Celtic Britain that the Romans found, when they first landed on our shores.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh was an innovator.He is undoubtedly one of Scotlands most celebrated architects. His astounding buildings creatively reinterpreted the past and opened the way for the Modern Movement. Architecture was his first love, though he was also a highly accomplished artist and designer of interiors, furniture, metalwork, glass and textiles. In addition his graphic design work, using nature and organic plant forms, made him an early exponent of Symbolism and Art Nouveau. In the later years of his life he produced watercolour paintings of intense power and subtlety. His extraordinary work is still regarded today as innovative and modern, and continues to astonish and delight art lovers everywhere.

This multi-language lace book provides the enthusiast with a collection of 75 quick and easy bobbin lace patterns. The (mainly) small designs are worked in a range of styles: Bruges Flower, Schneeberg, Russian Tape and Free, plus Torchon, Honiton and Bedfordshire The patterns assume a certain level of skill but each one is graded according to experience and ability (beginner, practitioner and advanced). They include: Baby bear, circles, parasol, swans, Russian lace sampler, tortoise, wedding garter, frame, seashore edge, fleur de lys mat, summer daisies, wedding handkerchief, dolphins, lily bud, square mat.

No time to study but want to win more chess games? "Improve Your Chess in 7 Days" is packed with practical tips, hints on how to improve, learn from the champions and find out how to beat them - in just a week. With one short chapter for each day of the week, the book is ideal for social chess players and includes a sprinkling of chess cartoons to keep you smiling as you read. With comments and advice after each move, this is as clear a guide to improving your chess as you will ever need.

The Batsford Book of Chess is a landmark, full-colour chess instruction book, authoritatively written and beautifully designed. Arranged in the form of a course, it will take you all the way from tentative beginner to formidable chess player. Quick Start reference pages help you retain the information youve learned, and puzzle sections let you test yourself as you go. To illustrate more advanced strategy and tactics, the author uses world-class chess heroes such as Bobby Fischer and Mikhail Tal to bring the concepts to life.Essential topics include: Pieces and Moves: the very basics, covering the chessboard, notation, the names of the pieces and how they move, plus an overview of chess etiquette What Chess is All About: an exploration of chess culture and history Winning, Drawing and Losing: Covers the various ways of winning at chess, and how games are drawn Six Openings for Life: Coverage of six of the best chess openings, each illustrated by a different chess hero Tactical Weapons: An examination of forks, pins, skewers and other tactical devices, followed by illustrative games from Tactical Hero Mikhail Tal Positional Play: Looks at good and bad positions, plus the art of planning, seen through the games of Positional Hero Tigran Petrosian Human Factors: Typical mistakes and blunders youll need to steer clear ofEasy to follow, yet more thorough and more challenging than other chess instruction books on the market, this book is an essential companion for all budding chess champions.

When the Romans came to Britain in AD 43, they brought a new style of domestic life, one that better-off Britons soon copied. This informative guide looks at how villas were built, and at the accommodation and daily life villa residents enjoyed - their living rooms and bedrooms, kitchens and baths, gardens and courtyards, furniture and food, and the servants and slaves who kept the villa running. Illustrated with site photos from Roman villas around Britain, archaeological treasures, and museum reconstructions of villa interiors, this is a fascinating look at life in Roman Britain before the Roman army left in AD 406 and the villa way of life faded into history. Includes a list of places to visit.

For centuries it was far more efficient to move goods by water than by road. The end of the 18th century saw 2,000 miles of canal built in Britain: the Canal Age had begun.Constructing the canals consisted of a great deal of hard work and manual labour, headlines by individual names but mostly done by tens of thousands of men across Britain called navvies. Initially much like carting on roads, boating on canals grew as canal systems expanded across the country, but still required long hours, hard work and specific skills.This detailed and informative guide tells the story of the boats and their workers. From the professional leggers who walked boats through tunnels to lock keepers to canal children running ahead of the boats, original photographs and artefacts such as tug tickets and timetables show what life was like on the canal.A classic Pitkin guide to immerse readers in the world of canals in Britain, including a list of museums and heritage centres to provide further insight into the history of the canal network.

One of the longest established, yet still most innovative, introductory chess manuals.Laskers masterwork has already provided a generation of aspiring chess players with an entertaining course in the basics of mastering chess. This edition, edited by John Nunn, is the definitive chess teaching manual. Interactive chess exercises Superb examples by some of the all-time greats Written by a man who played chess at the highest levelLasker takes the reader through an interactive chess adventure. The reward for a correct answer is to proceed to the next concept; otherwise the reader is told why the answer is wrong, and encouraged to try again. All aspects of chess are covered, from the rules of the game through to advanced play.

Its a fact of chess life that if you want to win, you have to put a bit of study in. Every chess player, from near-beginner to experienced tournament player, needs to learn the openings and keep on top of current theory. But studying doesnt have to be dull. This indispensable book contains foolproof ways to help the information go in... and stay in. Acclaimed chess author Andrew Soltis reveals the key techniques: - Why you cant study chess the same way you study school subjects - How to acquire the most important knowledge: intuition - The role of memorizing (its not a bad thing, despite what people say) - How to get the most out of playing over a masters game - Adopting a chess hero as a means of learning - How great players study - Computers as a study tool - How to train someone else

Master chess psychologist Amatzia Avni outlines a new approach to playing chess be tricksy about your game, bend the rules where possible and always come out on top! Players of all abilities are urged, step-by-step, to unlearn everything theyve learned so far and adopt a fearless attitude to the game. Every tip for bending the rules is included here with comprehensive illustrated games.Includes: The Nature of Tricky Chess: Virgin land Raising the tension to boiling point Coffeehouse chess Not so elementary, my dear Watson Peculiar moves Principled Issues of Tricky Chess: Twists and turns The trap vs blunder dilemma Methods of conducting tricky chess Illustrative Games Assesment and Implementation: Evaluation of tricksy chess Transforming into a tricky chess player

The most inspirational buildings in the world, as chosen by well-known contemporary architects.In this book, published in conjunction with the Twentieth Century Society, 50 contemporary architects choose the buildings from around the world that have inspired them and made an impact on their own work. Architectural journalist Pamela Buxton interviewed each of the architects to create these outstanding portraits of the buildings that have influenced modern architecture . The diverse selection is introduced by Twentieth Century Society director Catherine Croft, and illustrated throughout with photographs by Gareth Gardner and Edward Tyler. The book features a diverse range of inspirational buildings, from housing estates to castles, coal mines to cathedrals. W ork by the giants of twentieth-century architecture including Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto are featured, as well as lesser-known gems. Examples include Richard Rogers (of RHSP) on Maison de Verre (Paris, France); Chris Williamson (of Weston Williamson) on the Eames House by Charles and Ray Eames (Los Angeles, USA); Takero Shimazaki (of T-SA, UK) on Hexenhaus by Alison and Peter Smithson (Bad Karlshafen, Germany); Ted Cullinan (of Cullinan Studio) on Chapel of Notre Dame Du Haut by Le Corbusier (Ronchamp, France); Michael Squire (of Squire & Partners, UK) on Grundtvigs Church by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint (Copenhagen, Denmark); and Jonathan Woolf (of Jonathan Woolf Architects) on Haus Esters and Haus Lange by Mies van der Rohe (Krefeld, Germany).This beautifully produced book offers a great insight into the power of existing architecture and its immense influence on the world we build today.

In chess, a transposition is a known position reached by a different move order than usual a less obvious way of getting to somewhere you want to go, leading to confusion for your opponent. Every chess player has a number of them in his arsenal, and they are used most often in openings. There are transpositional tricks in all openings, but this is the first book devoted to them. As the book covers all the key openings variations it can be used by most chess players. The introduction explains what transpositions are and why theyre invaluable, followed by 8 chapters discussing transpositions, illustrated by some notorious examples from top-flight matches. Chapters are divided by opening group Double e-pawn openings; Sicilian Defense; Other Semi-Open openings; Double e-pawn openings; Indian openings; Other 1 d4 openings; Reti, English, 1 g3. The benefits and drawbacks of each set of move orders are discussed throughout. This is an ideal book for all club players and is written by one of the best chess writers in the world today.

Welcome to Kathryn Grays Hollywood or Home, a poetry collection with as much ruthless glamour as any Old Hollywood movie. These worldly-wise poems explore celebrity culture in a mode that is both seriously playful and playfully serious. Here, melancholy and humour, irony and sincerity can be often found in the same poem, creating a rich experience for the film buff or fan of celebrity culture, as the book is full of easter eggs and movie references.Spectres of Hollywood haunt the collection: moguls, politicians, starlets, and monsters. They leap from screen and stage to page, as in Portrait of my Superego as Mommie Dearest: youre / the one swinging the axe, Mommie.Famous actors drop in to entertain, for example in Meryl Streep is my Therapist or Six Ways of Looking at John Cazale, while writers do their best to pitch their best ideas, working hard to convince: Its "relatable". / Its really "relatable" stuff (High-concept).Film memorabilia is explored, likeThe Deer Hunter s bandana, as well as movie-business secrets: the title of As told by Alan Smithee refers to the alter ego that directors use in movie credits when they want to disown their films.Stock characters and plots show up, like the Handome Weeping Boy, and The Meet-Cute, that scene in a romantic comedy where a couple have a first hilarious or cute meeting. Classic 1980s movies like Pretty in Pink andTop Gun make their cameos. Power couples take their place, like Frank Sinatra and Ava Gardner in Night and Day, 1957, and melodrama heightens to Douglas Sirks grand levels in Love. All the stories and characters loom larger than life, and asthe narrator asks, contemplating celebrity Tweets in Fresh Hell,Why cant life be EVERYTHING IN CAPS LIKE CHER?.In decadent celebrity culture, where a star is born every minute and becomes a flop even more quickly, these fierce and funny poems open space for the writer to reassess failures and successes, to overcome writers block, and to remember that we never stop longing for our old dreams to come true. Gray is writing at the top of her game with her much-anticipated second collection. Out of Hollywoods brutal disdain for failure, Gray manages to find spectacle and survival.Grays long-awaited second collection both celebrates and accuses the glamour and imagination of the movies in particular, and of art in general. Whether its Meryl Streep or Ferris Bueller or John Cazale shes writing of, Gray is illuminating, funny, and frequently moving. Underpinning the comedy and satire, though, is a real pain at lifes jolts and times relentlessness: "What happened to the script?", Nick Laird, author of Feel FreeHollywood or Home shines a light on the filmic quality of daily life, reminding us just how thin the membrane between fiction and reality can be. Within its pages we encounter the Mind in various guises: as an invalid from the nineteenth century, a rain-streaked window-pane and (my favourite) a cabinet populated by indescribable figurines. Bristling with energy, humour and kick-ass bravura, at the same time these poems tremble with deeply felt emotion. - Julia Copus, author of Girlhood

Written by bestselling poker author Lou Krieger Tips for every kind of poker situation: at home, online and attournament Covers Texas Hold Em, the worlds most popular type of poker Part of successful bestselling 52 Great Tips seriesA leading poker guru gives you the essential tips to win at Texas Hold Em pokerat any time, whether at home, at a tournament or playing online. Lou Krieger,author of the bestselling Poker Players Bible, covers the basics, such as tips onwhen to fold, when to call, and when to raise, but also gives you insider tips tohelp you raise your game. The advice varies depending on whether you areplaying in a tournament, in a fixed-limit game (as is common in the USA) or in apot- or no-limit game (the kind commonly found in the UK and much of Europe).The tips cover the following categories of games:limit cash gamesno-limit or pot-limit cash gamestips for tournamentstips that work for all gamesspecific online poker-playing tips