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Onze anos após os assassinatos que chocaram a cidade, Sunnybrook tenta seguir em frente. Os Tigers, o time de futebol do colégio, são o novo orgulho local – heróis que brilham onde antes só havia esc

In our society people deal with translation quality in various contexts, which seldom share information. The first context one comes into contact with it is university: in bachelors and masters degree translation courses teachers do not evaluate translations by testing linguistic abilities anymore. Translations are now considered as texts in themselves that can be more or less independent from their source texts. Marks, whether expressed out of thirty, twenty and so on assign a quantitative value to the result of a translation process.When a newly graduated translator enter the market, whether she chooses to work as a literary translator or she prefers other kinds of translations (business, advertising or technical-scientific), she must translate an essay. Whether the translator will be hired or not depends on how the employer evaluates the translation. In this case, too, a person evaluates the result of a translation process. What kind of criteria does the evaluator use? Are they the same that went for university?If a translation is published, sometimes it happens that reviews on the target text appear on newspapers or specialized magazines, where one may also find a quick comment on the translators job. In this case, her job is often judged only depending on the result, without having had a look at the source text.Last but not least, researchers in the field of translation science (like us now) deal (also) with translation quality, argue about its being either descriptive or evaluative. Here is another context where translations are evaluated, or at least where one thinks about how they should be evaluated and so on and so forth. In a book I wrote about translation quality (2004) I took into account these issues and tried to arouse the interest of those who work in these different social contexts of translation evaluation. I cannot go back over all the milestones of my reasoning here, as I would like to focus on examples of differences and shifts between source and target text. Should you be interested in it, you may read my book. I will go through different examples from the table about consequences on reception of shifts onwards.

Roman Jakobson has had a strange fate. Everybody knows his name and are willing to recognise him as an important character of the global cultural scene. Few, however, have read what he wrote beyond those four or five famous quotes. Quotes that, taken out of context, might not be understood completely and correctly. The selected works by Jakobson are in eight large volumes. Taking into account that he wrote on various other topics, from Russian literature, to Slavic philology, to phonology, to neurology, the pages devoted to themes that are relevant to translation semiotics are "only" a thousand. It is evident that Jakobson has so many things to tell us about translation and that so far we were quite reluctant to read him.Jakobsons approach to translation is a semiotic one. Someone might wonder what relationship there is between semiotics and translation. What does it matter to a translator the theory of the sign of Saussure or Peirce, since she faces practical texts, not theories? To this I reply with two points:1) all translators, even the most refractory to the theory, follow principles. The reason why it does not make sense "not to be interested in the theory" if you translate is that all translators, perhaps unwittingly, have a theory. We have a theory on how to peel an apple or how to dress pants even if nobody has taught us. We all have a mind whose operation can be parsed, and yet there are people who "are not interested" in psychology. Translation is an activity that inevitably forces its practitioners to think about their target reader, and to formulate a message that takes account of the recipient, and then to draw up a communication strategy. And each translator will read the original document, will process it using her innner mental nonverbal language, and will put out the translated text projecting it onto the receiving culture. Then the difference is between those who knowingly use the theory, and those who use it unconsciously.2) Any conception of translation is like an application program based on an operating system, and in this case the operating system is the theory of the sign. In other words, if you think that between the word dog and the animal in question there is an equivalence relation, you get a given theory of translation; but if you think that between the word "dog," and the animal in question there is a series of creative and non-reciprocal links, then you get a completely different theory of translation.This book comes from my reflection activities connected to my teaching work at Milans Civica Scuola Interpreti e Traduttori Altiero Spinelli and, in turn, will provide study materials for students in the coming years and at the same time, I hope, inspiration for new ideas in the minds of readers.For criticism, comments, messages you can write me at the address b.osimo@fondazionemilano.eu.Milan, July 17, 2016

During the Second World War, the German military communicated via a supposedly unbreakable cryptographic device: the Enigma machine. Looking like an oversized typewriter, it scrambled plain text into gibberish using a series of rotating electromechanical wheels. Because the rotors moved after every single keystroke, the machine could generate nearly 159 quintillion possible settings.The German high command believed that this astronomical number made brute-force decryption physically impossible. They were correct. However, they underestimated the brilliant mathematical minds at Britains Bletchley Park, led by Alan Turing. Instead of guessing every combination, the codebreakers identified human behavioral flawslike operators repeatedly using the same predictable phrases or failing to randomize their starting positionsto dramatically narrow down the mathematical possibilities.This book breaks down the sheer mechanical genius of both the encryption and the decryption. You will explore the wiring of the Enigma rotors, the invention of the "Bombe" machines that automated the codebreaking process, and the birth of modern computer science.Decode the greatest intellectual triumph of the twentieth century. Learn how logic, mathematics, and early electromechanical engineering defeated the ultimate Nazi cryptographic weapon.

Before the internet became a ubiquitous global marketplace, it was a lawless frontier of extreme isolation and niche communities. In 1997, the Heavens Gate cult captured global headlines when 39 members committed mass suicide in a California mansion, believing their souls would board an extraterrestrial spacecraft trailing the Hale-Bopp comet. The most shocking element was not just their theology, but how they funded and insulated their reality.Operating a highly successful web design firm called "Higher Source," the group used the emerging architecture of the early internet to completely isolate themselves from dissenting physical realities. They lived in total physical seclusion while building digital gateways for corporate clients. The web allowed them to broadcast their bizarre doctrines globally without ever exposing their fragile belief system to face-to-face academic or social scrutiny.This book investigates the terrifying intersection of early cyberculture and cult psychology. You will explore the sociological vacuum of the 1990s web, the manipulative theology of their charismatic leaders, and the precise digital mechanisms used to enforce absolute ideological conformity.Venture into the darkest corners of the early internet. Understand how the promise of global connectivity paradoxically enabled one of the most closed, fatal psychological echo chambers in modern history.

This indepth ebook draws on more than a decade of handson experience transforming internal audit functions into truly datadriven, AIaugmented assurance capabilities. It goes far beyond theorywalking readers through the full analytics and AI lifecycle in audit, from data sourcing and feature engineering to model deployment, monitoring, and continuous improvement.Using concrete examples of algorithms and analytics techniquessuch as anomaly detection for transaction testing, outlier analysis for issue identification, process mining for endtoend control assurance, sentiment analysis for audit culture assessment, and predictive models to anticipate emerging risksthe book demonstrates how audit can evolve from retrospective checking to forwardlooking, realtime risk intelligence.At its core, the ebook explores the human side of transformation: how auditors roles, skills, judgement, and credibility evolve when working alongside AI. It shows how internal audit can shift from manual assurance activities to continuous, insightdriven assurance, enhancing relevance, influence, and strategic value across the organisationwhile remaining grounded in governance, ethics, and professional standards.Throughout the book, conceptual frameworks are tightly connected to realworld application. Readers learn not only what AIaugmented auditing looks like, but how to implement it in practiceacross the audit lifecycle, from risk assessment and planning to fieldwork, reporting, and followup.The result is a practical, experiencebased guide for audit leaders, professionals, and transformation teams who want to futureproof internal audit, proactively anticipate risk, build analytics capability, and position audit as a trusted, forwardlooking partner in an increasingly complex and dataintensive business landscape.

The Concorde was the ultimate symbol of aerodynamic luxury, capable of crossing the Atlantic at twice the speed of sound. For decades, it defied the grueling physics of supersonic flight, ferrying elite passengers in unparalleled style. But the end of this engineering marvel was not dictated by a massive engine failure at Mach 2; it was triggered by a stray, sixteen-inch strip of titanium dropped by another aircraft on a Paris runway.In July 2000, Air France Flight 4590 hit that debris during its takeoff roll. The physics of the ensuing disaster were as precise as they were horrific. The metal shredded a high-pressure tire, sending a massive chunk of heavy rubber slamming upward into the underside of the left wing. The shockwave of the impact ruptured the fuel tank from the inside out, igniting a massive, uncontainable fireball that brought the aircraft crashing into a hotel mere minutes later.This book investigates the fragile vulnerabilities hidden within cutting-edge aerospace design. You will explore the brutal economics of maintaining supersonic fleets, the physics of tire blowouts at extreme velocities, and the tragic conclusion of the commercial supersonic dream.Look back at the fiery end of an aviation icon. Understand how a tiny piece of stray metal grounded the fastest passenger jet ever built and altered global aerospace ambition forever.

The most ubiquitous cooking appliance in the modern kitchen was not invented by a chef or a food scientist, but by a self-taught engineer working on military radar systems. In 1945, Percy Spencer was testing a massive, high-powered vacuum tube called a magnetron. While standing near the active device, he noticed that a peanut cluster chocolate bar in his pocket had completely melted into a gooey mess.Spencer realized that the invisible electromagnetic waves were agitating the water and fat molecules inside the chocolate, generating intense friction and heat. By trapping these microwaves inside a safe, enclosed metal box, he created a high-density electromagnetic field that could cook food from the inside out in a fraction of the traditional time.This fascinating book explores the accidental birth of the microwave oven. You will learn the complex physics of magnetrons, the early, refrigerator-sized commercial prototypes that terrified consumers, and the massive post-war manufacturing push that brought military technology into the domestic home.Discover the atomic-age science sitting on your kitchen counter. Learn how a melted candy bar and military radar technology revolutionized the speed and convenience of modern culinary culture.

The deadliest accident in aviation history did not occur in the sky, but on a foggy runway. In 1977, two massive Boeing 747 jumbo jets collided at full speed on the tarmac of Los Rodeos Airport in Tenerife, killing 583 people. The disaster was not caused by a mechanical failure, but by a cascading series of psychological and linguistic errors.A terrorist incident at a nearby airport had diverted dozens of planes to the small island runway, creating unprecedented congestion. Amidst heavy fog and severe crew fatigue, the captain of the KLM flight initiated his takeoff roll without explicit clearance. A subtle ambiguity in the radio communicationthe use of the non-standard phrase "at takeoff"created a fatal misunderstanding with the air traffic control tower.This investigative work deconstructs the deadly mechanics of the Tenerife disaster. You will analyze the psychological pressure of flight duty regulations, the fatal hierarchy of cockpit resource management, and the implementation of standardized aviation English.Examine the ultimate cost of linguistic ambiguity. Discover how a few misunderstood syllables forced the aviation industry to completely overhaul how pilots and controllers communicate.

A modern city is only ever a few hours away from total anarchy. On a sweltering July evening in 1977, a series of lightning strikes hit electrical substations along the Hudson River, triggering a cascading failure that plunged New York City into absolute darkness. What followed was not the quiet, communal solidarity seen during previous blackouts, but an unprecedented explosion of arson, vandalism, and mass looting.The electrical grid is an intricate, highly balanced machine. When the lightning severed the major transmission lines, the remaining infrastructure became instantly overloaded, forcing automatic safety relays to shut down the entire system to prevent permanent damage. But the physical collapse was only the trigger for the sociological collapse. New York in 1977 was already suffering from severe economic depression, soaring crime rates, and a brutal heatwave, creating a powder keg of societal tension.This historical deep-dive explores the fragile intersection of engineering and urban sociology. You will analyze the cascading physics of grid failures, the overwhelming response of the NYPD, and the long-term economic scars left on the citys poorest neighborhoods.Witness the terrifying speed of civilizational collapse. Understand how a simple act of nature unmasked the deep societal and infrastructural fractures of the American metropolis.

When the Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990, it was hailed as the greatest astronomical instrument ever built. But when the first images returned to Earth, scientists were horrified. The pictures were hopelessly blurry. The telescopes primary mirror, the most precisely polished piece of glass ever created, had a microscopic flaw.The error was incredibly minutethe edge of the mirror was too flat by a fraction of the width of a human hair. This spherical aberration was caused by a faulty measuring device used during the manufacturing process, an error that went completely undetected because the manufacturer bypassed crucial secondary optical tests to save time and money.This book documents the engineering humiliation and the spectacular orbital rescue mission. You will explore the complex physics of optical calibration, the political fallout within NASA, and the ingenious invention of the COSTAR corrective lenses that essentially gave the telescope glasses.Look into the blurry depths of deep space. Learn how an invisible mechanical oversight nearly ruined a multi-billion-dollar project, and how human ingenuity fixed it in the vacuum of orbit.

In the late 1990s, a hedge fund run by Nobel laureates and Wall Street titans believed they had conquered financial risk. Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) used incredibly complex mathematical models to exploit tiny price differences in global bond markets. They were so confident in their algorithms that they leveraged their capital to unprecedented, staggering heights.But the models were built on historical data that assumed markets were rational. When the Russian government defaulted on its debt in 1998, global investors panicked, fleeing to safe assets and completely defying LTCMs mathematical predictions. The funds massive, highly leveraged positions rapidly imploded, threatening to drag the entire global financial system down with it.This analysis dissects the terrifying fragility of algorithmic trading. You will explore the mechanics of arbitrage, the blind spots of quantitative finance, and the unprecedented multi-billion-dollar bailout orchestrated by the Federal Reserve to prevent an international economic apocalypse.Understand the danger of absolute financial certainty. Discover how the smartest men in the world built a money-printing machine that almost destroyed the global economy.

From the rainsoaked pavements where young couples make silent pacts, to the humid rooms where a boy guards a bowl of rainwater, to the quiet resolve of a midlife partnership sparked in a community centerthese narratives are bound by a single, unbreakable thread: the conviction that wealth is not merely financial, but foundational. It is built on integrity, nurtured by resilience, and measured by legacy.I have woven these tales not as blueprints to be copied, but as compasses to inspire. Each story explores a different facet of the same truth: that true prosperity is an alignment of purpose, partnership, and principle. It is not inherited; it is constructedday by day, decision by decision, with hands that are not afraid to get dirty and hearts that refuse to be hardened.

In April 1970, an oxygen tank exploded aboard the Apollo 13 spacecraft, crippling the Command Module and forcing the three astronauts to evacuate into the tiny Lunar Module. As they desperately drifted around the moon, a silent, invisible killer began to build up inside the cramped cabin: their own exhaled breath.The Lunar Module was designed to support two men for two days, not three men for four days. The carbon dioxide scrubbersfilters filled with lithium hydroxidewere rapidly depleting. There were plenty of spare filters in the dead Command Module, but in a catastrophic oversight of bureaucratic standardization, the Command Module filters were square, while the Lunar Module receptacles were round.This gripping history details the most famous improvisational engineering feat in spaceflight. You will trace the frantic efforts of NASA engineers on the ground who used plastic bags, cardboard, and duct tape to build a functional adapter, saving the crew from asphyxiation.Experience the terrifying reality of deep-space survival. Discover how duct tape, cardboard, and desperate ingenuity overcame bureaucratic design flaws to bring Apollo 13 home.

In 1999, NASA lost a $125 million spacecraft because of a single, utterly avoidable mathematical error. The Mars Climate Orbiter was designed to study the Martian atmosphere, but as it approached the red planet, it descended too low and violently disintegrated in the upper atmosphere. The root cause was not a mechanical failure, but a humiliating miscommunication between two engineering teams.One team at Lockheed Martin programmed the spacecrafts thruster software using English imperial units, while the navigation team at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory assumed the data was in metric newtons. This microscopic discrepancy in the data transfer compounded over the 286-day journey, pulling the orbiter wildly off its intended trajectory.This book dissects the catastrophic breakdown of institutional communication. You will explore the physics of orbital insertion, the rigid bureaucracy of aerospace engineering, and how a simple conversion error destroyed years of scientific labor.Analyze the fragility of complex systems. Discover how a basic arithmetic mismatch bypassed billions of dollars in safety protocols to vaporize a spacecraft in the Martian sky.

Throughout human history, the speed of warfare was limited by the physical endurance of the soldier reloading his weapon. That fundamental limitation was violently shattered during the American Civil War. A physician named Richard Gatling sought to invent a machine so devastatingly efficient that it would reduce the number of men needed on the battlefield, theoretically ending war altogether. He was tragically mistaken.The Gatling gun was a masterpiece of Victorian mechanical engineering. Instead of a single barrel overheating from rapid fire, Gatling mounted multiple barrels in a rotating cylinder. As the operator turned a simple hand crank, gravity fed heavy brass cartridges from a hopper into the breech. Each barrel fired, extracted the spent casing, and cooled during a single continuous rotation, allowing a small crew to unleash a sustained torrent of lead.This book breaks down the brutal transition from manual combat to industrialized slaughter. You will explore the precise cam-driven mechanics of the weapon, its devastating psychological effect on opposing infantries, and the tragic irony of a doctor inventing a machine of mass destruction.Witness the mechanical birth of modern combat. Discover how gears, cranks, and gravity redefined the logistics of survival and permanently escalated the lethal geometry of war.

When a modern anti-ship missile breaks through a naval fleets outer defenses, human reaction time is completely obsolete. Traveling at supersonic speeds just feet above the ocean waves, the incoming threat leaves merely seconds for interception. To survive, modern warships rely on a terrifyingly autonomous final layer of defense: the Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS).Once the system detects an incoming threat that meets specific algorithmic criteria, it entirely cuts the human operator out of the loop. Its dual-radar system simultaneously tracks the incoming missile and the outgoing stream of its own depleted uranium or tungsten armor-piercing bullets. Firing up to 4,500 rounds per minute, the computer mathematically adjusts its aim in real-time, creating a literal wall of kinetic metal to shred the missile before impact.This technical volume dissects the extreme ballistics and radar engineering of autonomous maritime defense. You will study the closed-loop tracking algorithms, the physics of rotary cannons, and the ethical dilemmas of completely delegating lethal force to a machine.Stand on the deck of modern naval warfare. Understand the unyielding mathematical precision required to intercept supersonic death in the blink of an eye.

Navigating a multi-ton cylinder of solid steel through the pitch-black, crushing depths of the ocean is a masterclass in fluid dynamics. A submarine does not simply sink; it must actively and precisely manipulate its own physical density. The invisible architecture that allows these massive military vessels to hover, dive, and surface flawlessly lies in the complex mechanics of the ballast tanks.The physics of Archimedes principle dictate survival. To submerge, massive hydraulic valves open to allow tons of seawater to flood the outer hull chambers, displacing the trapped air and increasing the vessels overall density until it achieves negative buoyancy. To surface, extremely high-pressure compressed air is blasted back into the tanks, violently forcing the water out and propelling the steel leviathan upward against the crushing weight of the deep ocean.This book breaks down the severe engineering tolerances of deep-sea navigation. You will explore the precise calculations of neutral buoyancy, the catastrophic dangers of pressure hull failure, and the silent, mechanical grace of modern naval hydrodynamics.Submerge into the mechanics of the deep. Discover how valves, air pressure, and raw fluid physics allow humanity to conquer the most hostile environment on Earth.

The race to put a man on the moon was driven by ruthless political pressure and blinding speed. In January 1967, that speed exacted a devastating toll. During a routine launch pad test of the Apollo 1 command module, a sudden fire erupted inside the sealed cabin. Within seconds, the inferno consumed the capsule, killing astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee.The disaster was the result of a catastrophic, systemic engineering oversight. To save weight and simplify life support, NASA filled the heavily sealed capsule with 100 percent pure, pressurized oxygen. In this hyper-combustible environment, everyday materials became highly explosive. A single frayed wire beneath a crew seat sparked the blaze, instantly igniting miles of exposed nylon netting and newly introduced velcro patches spread throughout the cabin.This historical engineering account investigates the tragic convergence of hubris and design flaws. You will study the fatal inward-opening hatch that trapped the crew, the bureaucratic urgency that ignored glaring safety warnings, and the radical redesigns that ultimately paved the way for successful lunar missions.Examine the fatal cost of technological arrogance. Learn how a terrifying spark in a pressurized cabin forced a complete overhaul of aerospace safety protocols.

The fear of missing out (FOMO) is not a new phenomenon; it is a primal evolutionary instinct. For early humans, missing out on the tribes activities meant literal death by isolation. What is new, however, is how modern tech giants have weaponized this ancient neurological survival mechanism, turning our deep-seated need for social connection into a highly profitable, chronic state of anxiety.Social media platforms are deliberately engineered to trigger this biological panic. By hiding engagement metrics behind infinite scrolls, delaying delivery of direct messages, and utilizing the aggressive, alarm-like color red for notification badges, algorithms simulate a constant, urgent social deficit. The user is psychologically forced to constantly check their device, desperately seeking a dopamine hit of validation to alleviate the artificial stress the platform itself created.This book deconstructs the predatory behavioral design of the attention economy. You will explore the neuroscience of variable rewards, the psychological toll of curated digital perfection, and the sociological isolation that paradoxically arises from hyper-connectivity.Disconnect from the matrix of anxiety. Understand the algorithmic traps that hijack your neurological need for belonging and learn how to reclaim your digital autonomy.