eBooks de Filosofía antigua, página 23 de 30

In "The Apology," Xenophon offers a profound defense of Socrates, exploring themes of virtue, justice, and the complexities of human morality. Written in a clear yet philosophical style, this work reflects the Socratic method, encouraging readers to engage in critical thought and self-examination. Set against the backdrop of Socratic thought in Ancient Greece, Xenophons narrative sheds light on the societal perceptions of morality and virtue during a tumultuous period, marked by the Athenian trial of Socrates. The dialogues are structured to resemble an informed and reasoned defense, inviting discourse and reflection on the nature of ethics and the pursuit of knowledge. Xenophon, an esteemed student of Socrates and a contemporary of Plato, was deeply influenced by his mentors teachings. His background as a soldier, historian, and philosopher shaped his perspectives on leadership, justice, and civic duty. Having witnessed firsthand the political upheaval of his time, Xenophon was motivated to preserve Socratic ideals, emphasizing the importance of individual moral responsibility and philosophical inquiry. "The Apology" is essential reading for those interested in philosophy, ethics, and the legacy of Socratic thought. It not only serves as an insightful defense of an enigmatic figure but also as a timeless exploration of the moral questions that resonate throughout human existence. Engage with Xenophons articulate prose and allow it to spark introspection on the values that define us.

In the fascinating anthology "Arguments of Celsus, Porphyry, and the Emperor Julian, Against the Christians," readers will encounter a unique exploration of early theological and philosophical critiques directed at Christianity during the formative years of the Roman Empire. This collection deftly assembles a spectrum of literary styles that range from philosophical discourse to historical documentation. It highlights the intellectual rigor and diverse literary strategies that these thinkers employed to examine and often contest the foundational premises of Christian doctrine. From the rhetorical nuance in Celsus to the historical scrutiny of Porphyry, the anthology systematically presents a thought-provoking dialogue that remains significant in understanding the religious and philosophical landscape of antiquity. The contributors to this compelling collection, Cornelius Tacitus, Flavius Josephus, Emperor Julian, Siculus Diodorus, Porphyry, and Celsus, are luminaries each with a profound impact on the intellectual conversations of their time. Together, these scholars and figures align closely with the intellectual and cultural movements of the Roman and Hellenistic worlds. The anthology brings together voices from historians to emperors, creating a comprehensive narrative that explores opposition to Christian thought through diverse societal lenses, bridging pagan and imperial perspectives with historical endurance. Readers are invited to delve into this volume to engage with its rich tapestry of perspectives, enabling a nuanced understanding of historical debates surrounding Christianitys ascent. The anthologys educational value is inestimable, offering insights into the eras complex interreligious dynamics and philosophical inquiries. By studying these collected works, modern readers can appreciate the ongoing dialogue between historical critiques and religious narratives that continue to resonate in contemporary discourse.

In Defense of Socrates is a compelling anthology that brings together critical and reflective narratives on the enduring themes of philosophy, ethics, and the quest for truth. This collection navigates the vast landscape of classical and modern thought, exploring the timeless endeavors of understanding virtue, justice, and the role of the philosopher in society. With works ranging from dialogues encapsulating the essence of Socratic questioning to narratives of moral introspection, the anthology presents a diverse tapestry of stylesranging from the incisive dialectic engagements of ancient Greece to the didactic tales of the 19th century. Each piece, especially the seminal portrayals of Socratic discourse, offers a unique spin on the philosophical inquiries that have shaped intellectual history. The contributing authors, including eminent figures such as Plato, Xenophon, and Samuel Griswold Goodrich, bring a wealth of perspective into this scholarly opus. Plato and Xenophon, as direct admirers and chroniclers of Socratic thought, embody the ancient intellectual heritage, while Goodrich offers a 19th-century angle that invites reflection on the historical evolution of these ideas. Together, they weave a narrative that intersects various cultural and historical movements, bridging classical and modern interpretations and enriching the readers grasp of Socratic dialogue and its enduring legacy. For scholars and enthusiasts alike, In Defense of Socrates presents an invaluable opportunity to explore a mosaic of intellectual traditions. This anthology allows readers to navigate a wide range of perspectives, styles, and interpretations all within a single cohesive volume. Whether for its educational depth, the breadth of insights, or the vibrant dialogue it fosters, this collection is an essential journey into the heart of philosophical inquiry and its impact on ethical discourses throughout the ages.

Plato: Complete Works is a definitive collection of the philosophical texts of one of Western thoughts most significant figures. Encompassing dialogues, letters, and philosophical treatises, this anthology reveals Platos explorations of justice, morality, and the nature of reality. His literary style, characterized by Socratic dialogue and allegory, invites readers to engage actively with profound questions about the human condition. Within this collection, the interplay of rhetoric and dialectic shines, offering insightful commentary on the political and ethical landscape of ancient Athens while intertwining it with timeless philosophical inquiries. Plato, a student of Socrates and mentor to Aristotle, lived during the tumultuous Golden Age of Athens. His exposure to the political strife and intellectual vigor of his time profoundly influenced his writings. Deeply invested in the pursuit of truth and the ideal society, he sought to meld philosophy with practical governance, as evidenced in texts such as The Republic. His concern for the moral fabric of society reflects a lifelong commitment to understanding and improving the human experience. This anthology is an essential read for anyone striving to grasp the roots of Western philosophy. Scholars and novices alike will benefit from Platos comprehensive insights into ethics, politics, and metaphysics, making it an indispensable resource for reflective thinkers and those seeking a deeper understanding of philosophical inquiry.

Mit diesem Band werden Cassirers 1935 in Oxford und 1942 in New Haven gehaltene Vorlesungen zur antiken Philosophie erstmals fur Forschung und Studium zuganglich gemacht. Cassirer zeigt, wie sich in der griechischen Kultur ein neuer ein theoretischer, philosophischer Denkstil entfaltet, der den bis dahin vorherrschenden mythischen Denkstil ablost.Die Vorlesungen richten sich an Philosophiestudierende und geben deshalb einen breiten, einfuhrenden Uberblick uber die Denkentwicklung von den Ioniernuber Platon und Aristoteles bis zu den Neuplatonikern. Sie behandeln aber auch Fragen und Begriffe, die nach Cassirers Auffassung bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein bedeutsam geblieben sind, weil auf ihnen das moderne wissenschaftliche wie philosophische Denken fut. Zudem legt Cassirer Wert auf den Nachweis, dass die vielfaltigen neuen philosophischen Begriffe in den Lehren der antiken Denker eine Einheit bilden, die von einem bestimmten Prinzip des Denkens getragen und bestimmt ist.Besonders interessant sind die Vorlesungen uber Platon und Aristoteles. Cassirer schatzte Platons Ideenlehre sehr; daruber hinaus setzt er sich hier auch kritisch mit historischen Platonauslegungen auseinander. Die Vorlesung uber Aristoteles wiederum stellt den einzigen groeren diesem Philosophen gewidmeten Text von Cassirers Hand dar.

In "Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates" by George Grote, the author delves into a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical ideas and dialogues of Plato, one of the most influential thinkers in Western philosophy. Grotes scholarly approach explores the historical and literary context of Platos works, highlighting their impact on ancient Greek society and subsequent philosophical thought. Through meticulous research and insightful interpretations, Grote unpacks the complex themes of justice, virtue, and the nature of reality that permeate Platos writings, offering readers a deeper understanding of his philosophical legacy. Grotes writing style is both engaging and rigorous, making this book a valuable resource for students and scholars of philosophy alike. Through his detailed examination of Platos dialogues, Grote provides a nuanced portrayal of the intellectual landscape of ancient Greece, shedding light on the enduring relevance of Platos teachings for contemporary philosophical inquiries.

Esta coleção reúne as principais obras dos três maiores expoentes da filosofia estoica: o grego Epicteto, o romano Sêneca e o imperador romano Marco Aurélio.Estes filósofos encararam o estoicismo com

Thanks to the publication of Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates, George Groves was renowned as "the greatest nineteenth-century Plato scholar". In the reface to this book, the author says, hes chosen the characters of Plato and Socrates, as they are interesting and important characters in philosophy and history. The personality of Socrates has become legendary. Yet, the period of his greatest achievement coincided with work and life od other important philosophers. This book tells about important leaders of thought from the Socrates circles: Xenophon, Kriton, Protagoras, Parmenides, Menon and others. It may be used an as supplementary source for learning philosophy and for individual research on the history of philosophy. According to the author, this book is a sequel and supplement to his major opus "The History of Greece."

Edição bilíngue grego/português, com tradução e comentários de dois dos maiores especialistas em filosofia epicurista e em letras clássicas, respectivamente.Epicuro é o principal filósofo da antiguid

In "Symposion" or "The Banquet," Xenophon presents a vivid depiction of a symposium, an ancient Greek banquet characterized by philosophical discourse, revelry, and social dynamics. Written in a conversational style embodied in dialogue and rich sensory detail, the text serves both as a cultural artifact and a philosophical treatise. The narrative unfolds in the form of discussions among notable figures about topics such as love, virtue, and the nature of happiness, reflecting the broader intellectual milieu of Classical Athens while juxtaposing the convivial atmosphere of the symposium with profound ethical considerations. Xenophon, a student of Socrates and a prominent historian and soldier, draws on his experiences and observations in the realm of politics and society to craft this work. His multifaceted backgroundAiincluding leadership in military campaigns and a keen interest in Socratic thinkingAiundoubtedly influenced his exploration of human relationships and societal norms within the framework of the symposium. Xenophons ability to seamlessly blend personal insight with a critique of contemporary social practices enriches our understanding of his perspectives. "Symposion" offers readers a rare glimpse into the philosophical conversations and social customs of ancient Greece. It is a compelling read for anyone interested in classical literature, philosophy, or the intricate balance between pleasure and morality, encouraging reflection on how these themes resonate within our own cultural contexts.

T. Lucretius CarusAos "Of the Nature of Things" is a monumental philosophical poem that intricately weaves Epicurean thought into a narrative form, exploring the nature of the universe, the principles of atomism, and the pursuit of happiness through the understanding of nature. Written in elegant Latin hexameters, Lucretius employs vivid imagery and persuasive rhetoric to engage readersAo intellect and emotions alike, framing the poem against a backdrop of philosophical inquiry that challenges the fear of death and the divine. This work stands as a testament to the intersection of philosophy and poetry in the Roman literary tradition, reflecting the Enlightenment values that would later emerge in Europe centuries later. Lucretius was a Roman poet and philosopher in the 1st century BCE, whose deep engagement with the ideas of Epicurus propelled him to impart these teachings through poetic form. The prevailing superstitions and fears of his times, such as mortality and the anger of the gods, shaped his desire to convey rational thought and an understanding of the physical world, paving the way for a more enlightened perspective on life. "Of the Nature of Things" serves as a profound invitation for readers to explore the foundations of material existence and ethics in light of science rather than superstition. For those seeking a deeper comprehension of both ancient and modern thought, Lucretiuss work offers timeless wisdom and an intellectually invigorating journey through the cosmos.

In "Of Consolation: To Marcia," Seneca crafts a poignant philosophical treatise that addresses the pain of loss and the nature of grief. The text is characterized by its eloquent prose and incisive reasoning, reflecting Stoic principles that emphasize rationality and self-control. Addressed to Marcia, who mourns the death of her son, this work offers not merely comfort but a profound contemplation on the inevitability of death and the importance of accepting fate. The stylistic intricacies of Senecas writing, including his use of rhetorical questions and vivid imagery, invite readers to engage deeply with profound emotional truths within the framework of Stoicism. Seneca, a prominent Stoic philosopher, statesman, and playwright, often grappled with themes of mortality and suffering in his own life, including personal losses and political exile. His philosophical insights are informed by both his experiences and a comprehensive understanding of the human condition. Living during a turbulent period of Roman history, his reflections offer a timeless perspective that resonates with the universal struggle against despair, illustrating how reason can illuminate even the darkest moments. I highly recommend "Of Consolation: To Marcia" to anyone seeking solace in times of grief or wishing to explore the depths of Stoic philosophy. This work not only comforts the grieving but also inspires reflection on the resilience of the human spirit. Senecas wisdom remains relevant, affirming the enduring value of philosophical inquiry in confronting lifes most profound challenges.

Senecas "Of Peace of Mind" is a profound exploration of the human condition, weaving together Stoic philosophy and practical wisdom to guide readers toward inner tranquility. In this work, Seneca employs a rich, contemplative style, featuring dialogues that illuminate the struggle against emotional turmoil and the pursuit of a serene existence. The text reflects the philosophical milieu of ancient Rome, grappling with themes of fate, virtue, and the longing for peace amidst external chaos, resonating remarkably with contemporary concerns about mental well-being. Lucius Annaeus Seneca, a prominent Stoic philosopher, dramatist, and statesman, draws upon his tumultuous life experiencesAimarked by political intrigue and personal lossAito inform his insightful reflections in this treatise. Living through the complexities of imperial Rome, Senecas writings reveal a keen awareness of the societal pressures that undermine inner peace. His blend of intellectual rigor and emotional depth provides a framework for understanding resilience in the face of adversity. For readers seeking solace and direction in a frenetic world, "Of Peace of Mind" offers not just philosophical guidance but also a deeply personal exploration of resilience. Senecas timeless insights into the nature of happiness and contentment furnish readers with practical strategies to cultivate a tranquil mind, making this work an essential read for anyone navigating lifes challenges.

Platos "Epistles - Seventh Letter" stands as a profound testament to his philosophical inquiries and political theories. This poignant letter, written in a time of political turmoil in Sicily, addresses the nature of truth, the role of the philosopher in society, and the complexities of governing with wisdom. Written in an epistolary style, the letter juxtaposes personal reflection with philosophical discourse, revealing PlatoAos insights on the responsibility of philosophers to engage in the political sphere, and the inherent risks of such involvement. The literary texture, characterized by reflective prose and rich metaphor, invites readers to contemplate the moral dilemmas intertwined with power and knowledge. Plato, a towering figure of Western philosophy, utilized his experiences and observations of Athenian politics and Socratic dialogues to craft this letter. His relationships with various rulers and his own exile influenced his understanding of philosophical governance and the often perilous role of the philosopher in leadership. Through the Seventh Letter, Plato articulates his disillusionment with political life, emphasizing the significance of philosophical ideals over transient power. This work is highly recommended for anyone seeking to unravel the intricate relationship between ethics and politics in philosophical thought. "Epistles - Seventh Letter" not only enriches the readerAos understanding of PlatoAos philosophical legacy but also provides timeless reflections relevant to contemporary political theory, making it an essential read for scholars and enthusiasts alike.

In "Rhetoric," Aristotle meticulously explores the art of persuasion, delineating the principles that govern effective communication. This seminal text interweaves philosophical inquiry with practical guidelines, presenting rhetoric as not merely a tool for persuasion but as an integral component of ethical discourse. Aristotles systematic approach categorizes rhetorical appealsethos, pathos, and logoswhile situating rhetoric within the broader scope of philosophy and public life, reflecting the intellectual climate of fourth-century BCE Athens, where eloquence was paramount in civic engagement. Aristotle, a towering figure in Western philosophy, served as a student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, which profoundly influenced his views on language, ethics, and governance. His breadth of knowledge, spanning biology, metaphysics, and politics, lent distinctive depth to his rhetorical analysis. Aristotles observations were shaped by his commitment to empirical study, leading him to emphasize reason and observation over mere emotional appeal, a stance that illustrates his philosophical roots and practical insights. "Rhetoric" is an essential read for anyone interested in the foundations of persuasive communication, offering timeless wisdom that transcends its historical context. Whether you are a student of philosophy, a writer, or a public speaker, Aristotles exploration serves as both a guide and a challenge to refine your communicative skills and foster meaningful dialogue.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "On Sense and the Sensible," Aristotle delves into the intricate relationship between perception and the material world, exploring the faculties of sense perception and the nature of the objects that are perceived. This seminal work is characterized by its systematic approach, blending empirical observation with rigorous philosophical analysis, offering insights into how humans engage with and interpret sensory experiences. Written during the height of Greek philosophy, Aristotles text stands as a cornerstone in the epistemological tradition, influencing subsequent thinkers as he articulates the mechanisms through which knowledge of reality is constructed from sensory inputs. Aristotle, often heralded as the father of Western philosophy, draws from his extensive studies in natural sciences and ethics, as well as his engagement with Platonic thought, to address the dynamics of sensation. His commitment to the empirical method informed his exploration of the senses, asserting that understanding human cognition and perception is essential for grasping the broader spectrum of existence. The work not only reflects Aristotles intellectual heritage but also his lifelong quest to inquire into the nature of being and knowing. "On Sense and the Sensible" is a vital read for anyone interested in philosophy, psychology, or the nature of human experience. Aristotles meticulous method and profound insights offer timeless relevance, inviting readers to contemplate the complexities of perception and their implications for knowledge. This book is essential for scholars, students, and general readers eager to grasp foundational concepts that continue to resonate in contemporary discussions of perception and reality.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "On the Embassy to Gaius," Philo of Alexandria presents a detailed narrative that explores the complex relationship between Jews and the Roman Empire during the first century CE. This work not only recounts the mission led by Jewish ambassadors to Emperor Gaius Caligula but also employs sophisticated rhetoric and philosophical reasoning to articulate the Jewish identity amidst a predominant Graeco-Roman milieu. Philos illustrious command of both Hebrew traditions and Hellenistic thought positions the text as a critical bridge between two cultural landscapes, revealing the tension between religious fidelity and the exigencies of imperial governance. Philo, a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, was born in Alexandria, a hub of cultural exchange where Jewish and Greco-Roman ideas converged. His experiences as a leading member of the Jewish community in Alexandria, coupled with his profound engagement with Platonic and Stoic philosophies, deeply inform his writings. This particular work stems from the socio-political turmoil faced by the Jewish population under Gaius, reflecting Philos urgent desire to defend and articulate the plight of his people within a challenging historical framework. I highly recommend "On the Embassy to Gaius" to scholars and enthusiasts alike, as it serves not only as a vital historical document but also as a profound philosophical treatise. It invites readers to contemplate the intricate dynamics of identity, power, and the cultural dialogues that have shaped our understanding of ancient civilizations.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

In "On the Heavens," Aristotle embarks on an astute philosophical inquiry into the nature of the cosmos, providing a foundational text for the fields of astronomy and metaphysics. Written in a clear yet complex prose style, Aristotle presents a systematic examination of celestial phenomena, discussing the structure of the universe, the movements of celestial bodies, and the nature of space and time. Engaging with both empirical observation and established theories of his time, Aristotle challenges the prevailing notions of his predecessors, funneling his observations into a comprehensive argument for the eternal nature of the heavens, which profoundly influenced Western thought well into the scientific revolution. Aristotle (384-322 BCE), an Athenian polymath and student of Plato, became the forebear of numerous disciplines including philosophy, biology, and physics. His extensive exposure to various schools of thought and his commitment to empirical observation enabled him to blend poetic wonder with rigorous exploration in "On the Heavens." The work also reflects his philosophical pursuits, particularly his desire to understand the causes behind the phenomena that govern both earthly and celestial realms. "On the Heavens" is essential reading for anyone interested in the origins of scientific thought and the foundational questions that continue to resonate in modern discourse. It invites readers to reflect on the cosmos not merely as a backdrop for human activity but as an active participant in the philosophical explorations that define our existence.In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience:- A succinct Introduction situates the works timeless appeal and themes.- The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists.- A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the eras events and influences that shaped the writing.- An Author Biography reveals milestones in the authors life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text.- A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings.- Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the works messages, connecting them to modern life.- Handpicked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance.- Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

Ler Platão é ler parte essencial da formação do pensamento ocidental. A sua obra perdura e influencia as civilizações ocidentais há cerca de 2.400 anos. Assim, pode-se dizer que Platão é um eterno co

Diogenes LaertiusThe Lives and Theories of Eminent Philosophers is a comprehensive collection of biographies and philosophical teachings of ancient Greek philosophers. Written in a straightforward and informative style, the book provides a valuable insight into the lives and thoughts of prominent figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Laertius delves into the philosophical context of each philosopher, making connections between their theories and the social and cultural milieu of their time. This work stands as a significant contribution to the preservation of philosophical history and serves as a valuable resource for students and scholars alike. As a biographer and historian, Diogenes Laertius was uniquely positioned to compile the wealth of information found in this book. His meticulous research and attention to detail are evident throughout the text, showcasing his dedication to preserving the philosophical traditions of ancient Greece. Laertius deep understanding of the subject matter shines through in his insightful commentary and analysis of the philosophers contributions to the field. I highly recommend The Lives and Theories of Eminent Philosophers to anyone interested in delving into the foundational works of Western philosophy. This book offers a compelling look at the intellectual giants of ancient Greece and their enduring impact on the development of philosophical thought.