John Locke

La teoría política de John Locke (1632-1704) ha influido notablemente en la formación de la ideología liberal moderna. Mientras que el "Primer Tratado" es una larga y elaborada refutación de la teoría del derecho divino de los reyes tal y como fue concebida por sir Robert Filmer en Patriarca -tambien en esta coleccion-, el "Segundo Tratado sobre el Gobierno Civil" -"Un ensayo acerca del verdadero origen, alcance y fin del Gobierno Civil"- aborda temas tan importantes como el origen de la legitimidad de los gobiernos, la propiedad o la sociedad civil, aunque por encima de todo fue un trabajo destinado a reafirmar el derecho de resistencia a una autoridad injusta y, en ultima instancia, el derecho a hacer una revolucion. La presente edicion ha utilizado como referencia la edicion postuma de 1764.Traduccion y prologo de Carlos Mellizo

El pensamiento político de Locke sigue siendo uno de los pilares de los modernos regímenes democráticos. En su Segundo ensayo sobre el gobierno civil, de 1689, Locke propuso las líneas fundamentales de una constitucion representativa: el poder supremo es el representado por el cuerpo legislativo, representando a los ciudadanos, y el poder ejecutivo tiene como funcion garantizar la ejecucion de las leyes. Solo las leyes pueden ser el alma del Estado y mientras esten vigentes, todos deberan acatarlas por igual. John Locke (1632-1704) filosofo y medico ingles, es uno de los mas influyentes pensadores del empirismo ingles, conocido como el Padre del Liberalismo Clasico.

El libro de Locke La razonabilidad del Cristianismo es una obra de trascendencia clave para comprender los fenómenos del mundo moderno. Más allá de su significación teológica como explicación de la diferencia entre una secta y una religion, aporta el descubrimiento de la categoria clave de credibilidad. Reasobleness es aquello que resulta creible por sus propios hechos. Lo que es verosimil o plausible, lo que socialmente es razonable y por ende creible. El cristianismo es una religion creible socialmente porque los que creen en ella, mediante la sinceridad de su fe, acreditan con su creencia ante los demas, que lo que a ellos les resulta verosimil, es plausible, es decir, susceptible de ser socialmente tenido por cierto. Este trabajo marca la aparicion de un concepto crucial en el mundo de la sociedad, la credibilidad.

Resumen de la obra fundamental de John Locke (1632-1704), el "Compendio del «Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano»" sintetiza las ideas fundamentales del trabajo publicado con este título en 1689 y q

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. It first appeared in 1689 (although dated 1690) with the printed title An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.He describes the mind at birth as a blank slate (tabula rasa, although he did not use those actual words) filled later through experience. The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley.Book I of the Essay is Lockes attempt to refute the rationalist notion of innate ideas. Book II sets out Lockes theory of ideas, including his distinction between passively acquired simple ideassuch as "red,""sweet,""round"and actively built complex ideas, such as numbers, causes and effects, abstract ideas, ideas of substances, identity, and diversity.Locke also distinguishes between the truly existing primary qualities of bodies, like shape, motion and the arrangement of minute particles, and the secondary qualities that are "powers to produce various sensations in us" such as "red" and "sweet." These secondary qualities, Locke claims, are dependent on the primary qualities. He also offers a theory of personal identity, offering a largely psychological criterion. Book III is concerned with language, and Book IV with knowledge, including intuition, mathematics, moral philosophy, natural philosophy ("science"), faith, and opinion.

La Conducta Del Entendimiento Y Otros Ensayos Póstumos (Edición bilingüe) Introducción, traducción y notas de Ángel.M. Lorenzo Rodríguez John Locke El pensamiento de Locke, como el de tantos autores,

The Two Treatises of Government is a renowned work of political philosophy written by English philosopher John Locke. The treatises were published in 1690 and were an important influence on the development of liberal political thought.The first treatise argues against the divine right of kings and the idea that political power is derived from God. Instead, Locke asserts that individuals possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that these rights cannot be legitimately taken away by any government or individual. He also argues that individuals have the right to overthrow a government that fails to protect these rights.The second treatise focuses on the role of government and how it should be structured to protect individual rights. Locke argues that government exists to protect natural rights and that it derives its authority from the consent of the governed. He also emphasizes the importance of the separation of powers and the idea that government should be limited in its scope and power.John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher and physician, known as one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment era. He is considered the father of liberalism and empiricism, which held that knowledge comes from experience and observation rather than innate ideas.Lockes most famous work is An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in which he argues against the idea of innate ideas and posits that the mind is a blank slate or "tabula rasa" at birth, which is then filled with ideas and knowledge through experience.He also believed in the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, which influenced the American Declaration of Independence.In addition to his philosophical work, Locke was involved in politics and served as a physician for the government. He wrote several other works on politics, religion, and education, including Two Treatises of Government and Some Thoughts Concerning Education.Preface by Federica Rainaldi.Federica Rainaldi has a PhD in Political Science from the University of Bologna. Her previous publications include Making sense of Italian politics (Part 1 and 2), online at www.politcsworldwide.com; and Il policy change tra nuovi paradigmi e vecchie pratiche. Le politiche idriche in Italia e Inghilterra, in Rivista Italiana di Politiche Pubbliche, n.1/2011 (with R. Scintu). She currently lives and works in England.

John Locke, filósofo y político inglés (1632-1704), está considerado como una de las principales fuentes del liberalismo moderno. En Dos ensayos sobre el gobierno civil (1689-1690) pretende demostrar que los libros del Antiguo Testamento nos ofrecen argumentos por los que se pueda considerar a Adan y a sus sucesores como los gobernantes establecidos por Dios para todo el mundo. Frente a la tesis de que Dios haya dotado a alguien con una autoridad natural sobre los demas, Locke parte el Segundo Tratado de que los seres humanos son iguales por naturaleza y que, por consiguiente, nadie puede gobernar sobre los otros sin consentimiento de estos. Joaquin Abellan, es profesor de Historia de las Ideas Politicas en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, especializado en la historia del liberalismo europeo.

La primera de las libertades reivindicadas en la época moderna fue la libertad religiosa, que dentro de la dialéctica del pensamiento liberal puede considerarse no sólo como la primera en el tiempo, sino tambien como la raiz del desarrollo de las demas libertades. A su vez, en el seno de la idea de la libertad religiosa, la Carta sobre la Tolerancia de J. Locke, publicada por primera vez en 1689 y 1690, marca un hito de primer rango. Se trata de uno de esos libros breves que, al igual que El Principe de Maquivelo o el Manifiesto del Partido Comunista de Marx y Engels, estan destinados a ejercer una decisiva influencia historica. Aparte de su significacion universal, la Carta es altamente representativa del pensamiento politico ingles en una de las etapas mas interesante de su historia.

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is philosopher John Lockes pioneering examination of the origins of human knowledge and understanding. First published in 1690, it set the agenda for modern philosophy and influenced psychology and political theory.In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Volume Two Locke discusses our use of language and its imperfections. He talks of the Abuse of Words and laments the creation of words with no distinct meaning. The book also covers Lockes ideas on truth, judgement, probability, enthusiasm and reason. His radical theories on the nature of human knowledge and where it comes from went on to change the face of philosophy. Regarded as Lockes most powerful and important philosophical work, An Essay on Human Understanding still resonates today.

First published in 1689, "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" is a work by English philosopher John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding.Lockes aim in "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" is to inquire into the origin and extent of human knowledge. His conclusionthat all knowledge is derived from sense experiencebecame the principal tenet of empiricism, which has dominated Western philosophy ever since. Even George Berkeley, who rejected Lockes distinction between sense qualities independent of the mind and sense qualities dependent on the mind, produced his idealism in response to Lockes provocative philosophy and gave it an empirical cast that reflected Western cultures rejection of innate or transcendental knowledge.

Este Ensayo sobre la anatomía es una crítica de la utilidad del conocimiento anatómico para curar las enfermedades. Es el resultado de la colaboración entre el médico Thomas Sydenham y el filósofo John Locke, quien tambien fue medico. Ambos autores son cimas del pensamiento medico y filosofico de finales del siglo XVIII. Pero su veredicto sobre la utilidad terapeutica de la anatomia es muy negativo. Sorprende esta desvalorizacion de la anatomia porque en aquella epoca el conocimiento anatomico macroscopico se hallaba practicamente completo, tras el magnifico desarrollo de la anatomia en el Renacimiento. Sin embargo este desprecio era expresion del pensamiento medico mas moderno de su tiempo. Expresaba el empirismo clinico que llego a describir muchas "especies" de enfermedades y algunos tratamientos "especificos". Faltaba mas de un siglo para que la anatomia patologica se convirtiera en el fundamento de toda la patologia medica. Pero la mejor medicina del siglo XVIII se hizo al margen del conocimiento anatomico. La introduccion del profesor Miguel Angel Sanchez desvela sus claves historicas y filosoficas.

discourse concerning government; what fate has otherwise disposed of the papers that should have filled up the middle, and were more than all the rest, it is not worth while to tell thee. These, which remain, I hope are sufficient to establish the throne of our great restorer, our present King William; to make good his title, in the consent of the people, which being the only one of all lawful governments, he has more fully and clearly, than any prince in Christendom; and to justify to the world the people of England, whose love of their just and natural rights, with their resolution to preserve them, saved the nation when it was on the very brink of slavery and ruin. If these papers have that evidence, I flatter myself is to be found in them, there will be no great miss of those which are lost, and my reader may be satisfied without them: for I imagine, I shall have neither the time, nor inclination to repeat my pains, and fill up the wanting part of my answer, by tracing Sir Robert again, through all the windings and obscurities, which are to be met with in the several branches of his wonderful system.